Cs101 solved subjective midterm past papers

Question No: 31    ( Marks: 1 )  

 What does TCP/IP stand for?

    Transmission Control Protocol

Question No: 32    ( Marks: 1 )

 Why there is a need to use primary key in database ?

    Primary Key is a field that uniquely identifies each record stored in a table

Question No: 33    ( Marks: 2 )

 What is image processing ?

    Image Processing:
A branch of computer science concerned with manipulating and enhancing computer
graphics

Question No: 34    ( Marks: 2 )

 Define testing with respect to programming..

    Testing: The tasks performed to determine the existence of defects

Question No: 35    ( Marks: 3 )

  How can we define a computer screen?

Question No: 36    ( Marks: 3 )

 What is difference between Design and System Architecture?

    System
A collection of elements which working together produces a result not achieved by
the things alone
 System Architecture
The structure
(in terms of components, connections, constraints) of a product or a process

Question No: 37    ( Marks: 3 )

 Write JavaScript code to convert the number 236.2363611111556 into currency format and JavaScript statement to show output.

a = 236.2363611111556;
b = a.toString( ) ;
decimalPos = b.indexOf( ".", 0 ) ;
c = b.substring( 0, decimalPos + 3 ) ;
document.write( c ) ;

Question No: 38    ( Marks: 5 )

 Show output of the following code:

for (i=0; i<=10; i++)
{
document.write("The number is " + i);
document.write("<br />");
}

Question No: 39    ( Marks: 5 )

 What is a Relational Database? Give the names of any three RDBMS software. (2+3)

    Relational Databases
• Databases consisting of two or more related tables are called relational databases
• A typical relational database may have anywhere from 10 to over a thousand tables
• Each column of those tables can contain only a single type of data (contrast this
with spreadsheet columns!)
• Table rows are called records; row elements are called fields
• A relational database stores all its data inside tables, and nowhere else
• All operations on data are done on those tables or those that are generated by table
operations
• Tables, tables, and nothing but tables!
 RDBMS
• Relational DBMS software
• Contains facilities for creating, populating, modifying, and querying relational
databases
• Examples:
–Access
–FileMaker Pro
–SQL Server
–Oracle

Question No: 40    ( Marks: 10 )

 Define the following terms.

• Object

• Event Handler
• Local Variable
• Scope of Variable
• Array

    Object
A named collection of properties(data, state) & methods (instructions, behavior)
Event Handler

An event handler is a command which calls a function when an event happens, such as the user clicking a button

Local Variable
Declaring variables (using the var keyword) within a function, makes them local•They are available only
within the function and hold no meaning outside of it
Scope of Variable
Defining the space in which a variable is effective is known as
defining the scope of a variable. A variable can be either local or global in scope
Array
   

Question No: 27    ( Marks: 1 )

 What is the Brute Force Strategy?

Answer:. A staretegy in which all possible combinations are examined and best among them is selected. Brute force (also known as brute force cracking) is a trial and error method used by application programs to decode encrypted data such as passwords or Data Encryption Standard (DES) keys, through exhaustive effort (using brute force) rather than employing intellectual strategies.
 

Question No: 28    ( Marks: 1 )

What is java script?

Answer: JavaScript is an object-oriented scripting language used to enable programmatic access to objects within both the client application and other applications.
It is primarily used in the form of client-side JavaScript, implemented as an integrated component of the web browser, allowing the development of enhanced user interfaces and dynamic websites

 

Question No: 29    ( Marks: 2 )

 How can you explain control unit?

Answer: Control unit is a computerized part of the speech processor. Most of the controls, such as program, volume and sensitivity, are located on the control unit.   
 

Question No: 30    ( Marks: 3 )

 How a designer makes Structured Design?

Answer: Structured Design: Materials and member type, size, and configuration to carry loads in a safe and serviceable fashion.
 In general, structural design implies the engineering of stationary objects such as buildings and bridges, or objects that may be mobile but have a rigid shape such as ship hulls and aircraft frames tructural design involves at least five distinct phases of work, project requirements, materials, structural scheme, analysis, and design
It is insufficient in most cases, for the designer to consider a solution, a design. He should evaluate several alternate designs and choose the best in the sense of maximizing such technical objectives as efficiency, reliability, and maintainability while satisfying such design constraints as memory size and response time.

Question No: 31    ( Marks: 5 )

 What is Turing machine? Who invented it and also explain how a Turing test is conducted?

Answer: A Turing machine is a theoretical device that manipulates symbols contained on a strip of tape. Despite its simplicity, a Turing machine can be adapted to simulate the logic of any computer algorithm, and is particularly useful in explaining the functions of a CPU inside of a computer. The "Turing" machine  was designed by Alan Turing in 1937.
The Turing test is a proposal for a test of a machine's ability to demonstrate intelligence. It proceeds as follows a human judge engages in a natural language conversation with one human and one machine, each of which tries to appear human. All participants are placed in isolated locations. If the judge cannot reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine is said to have passed the test. In order to test the machine's intelligence rather than its ability to render words into audio, the conversation is limited to a text-only channel such as a computer keyboard and screen.
If a computer pass the test ,we can say that a machine can think.

 

Question No: 32    ( Marks: 5 )

 What are JavaScript literal and what are its types?

Answer: The raw data that make up the root of data types are called "literals." These are, in effect, literally what they represent themselves to be. Numbers, strings, and Boolean values make up the core set of literals in JavaScript. Little mystery exists with literals, but important differences exist between them. In JavaScript, data types include strings, which are simply quoted characters, numbers, Boolean, Objects and even a type which has no value at all, Null. Since JavaScript is a loosely typed language, you don't neccessarily need to know what type of data every value is (although it certainly helps).
Every piece of data in these categories is known as a value. When a value is referred to outright in a statement, it is called a literal value. For the same reason people are identified by names as opposed to "human" or "person", literal values can be named in order to make repeated reference to them practical, efficent and readable. These names are called variables.

Literals can be of several types. Some of them are:
Array Literals
Boolean Literals
Floating-Point Literals
Integers
Object Literals
String Literals

Question No: 27    ( Marks: 1 )

 Define URL

URL(Uniform resource locator)
URL (Uniform Resource Locator, previously Universal Resource Locator) - is the address of a file (resource) accessible on the Internet. The type of file or resource depends on the Internet application protocol.
Examples of URLs:     http://vu.edu.pk
                             http://www.yahoo.com

Question No: 28    ( Marks: 1 )  

 What is Randomized Algorithm?

Randomized Algorithm:
Any algorithm whose behavior is not only determined by the input, but also values produced by a random number generator
These algorithms are often simpler and more efficient than deterministic algorithms for the same problem. And because of there simplicity they are easier to analyze which is the most important thing in the decision making of an algorithm.

Question No: 29    ( Marks: 2 )

 What was the name of first super computer. When it was introduced?

    CRAY1 is the first computer and it was introduced in 1973
Question No: 30    ( Marks: 3 )
 How a designer makes Structured Design?
Structured Design is known as a Top-down design.
The designed first conceives about the High level design and then further designs the details of the high level design components and it goes on and on.
Making small changes in the functionality of the systems sometimes leads to major re-design exercise. Structured design separates the functionality from programs data and that’s why program’s deisgned by this methodology are difficult to maintain.
 

Question No: 31    ( Marks: 5 )

 Why microprocessor uses the binary number system and not the decimal or any other number system?

The processor is the logic of a computer and functions comparably to a human central nervous system, directing signals from one component to another and enabling everything to happen. A microprocessor is made from miniaturized transistors and other circuit elements on a single
semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) . These are made up oof semiconductor and silicon.
Microprocessor are composed of components which has only two states either 0 or 1. Binary number system is also composed of these two states.

Microprocessor till today only understand the machine language and machine language is only based on binary number system. Even today’s 64 bit microprocessors are also based on this technology.
 

Question No: 32    ( Marks: 5 )

 Why do we need an Interactive Form in a webpage?

1. Interactive forms are used to gather user data and interact with the user.
2. Forms can be made interactive with the use of client side scripting and server side sciprting.
3. In HTML, <FORM> </FORM> tag is used to insert the form in a web page and it always lie in <BODY></BODY> html tag.
4. without form’s web site is only “READ ONLY”.
5. with the help of forms a user and can search the contents, place order for goods and services.
6. Forms can be simple or very complex, based on the requirement.
7. forms can contain a single element or many e.g text area, buttons

Question No: 31    ( Marks: 1 )

 In programming, what is a loop?

In computer science a for loop is a programming language statement which allows code to be repeatedly executed. A for loop is classified as an iteration statement.
 

Question No: 32    ( Marks: 1 )

 What are the other names of function? Any one.

Routine , procedure , sub prograam
 

Question No: 33    ( Marks: 2 )

 How JavaScript Arrays are heterogeneous ?

Arrays are heterogeneous in java script because at the same time stimultanously they can hold elements of multiple data types
 

Question No: 34    ( Marks: 2 )

 What is the database?

Data base is a collection of  organized data in a proper way that computer can quickly search for any desired data item , its an easy way of allowing of manipulation of data,they are design in such a way that access to any desired data can be identified and reached quickly and easy , they are generally consist of collection of interrelated files
 

Question No: 35    ( Marks: 3 )

 Differentiate between LAN and WAN with one example of each.

Lan is a local area network where as wan is a wide area network
Lan can be used in a specific areas with limited computers where as wan can be used on computers shared by large distances
For example lan can be used on pc s or an organization located in one building but wan can be used on large scales like banks all over or in any Large communication systems
 

Question No: 36    ( Marks: 3 )

 What are Trojan Horses ?

Trojen horses are  a kind of cyber crime , they are v harmful to computer because they are stand alone programme and the look like what they are not like any thing amusing or not harmless like games..
 

Question No: 37    ( Marks: 3 )

 Elaborate Rester Graphics with examples.

A raster graphics image, digital image, or bitmap, is a data file or structure representing a generally rectangular grid of pixels, or points of color, on a computer monitor, paper, or other display device.

To illustrate the matter further - here's the letter "J":
J
Look closely at it... Take a magnifying glass to it if you like. You see a "J", the computer sees something more like this, where '.' represents a zero and 'X' represents a one:

....X
....X
....X
....X
....X
....X
....X
X...X
X...X
.XXX.


Where you see a zero, the computer instructs its video hardware to paint the current background color. A one calls for the current foreground color. Yes, it is actually a bit more complicated, but it all basically boils down to one bit or the other making a distinction
between the colors of adjacent pixels, which together form an image.
 

Question No: 38    ( Marks: 5 )

 What are the important properties, methods and event handlers of image object?

The primary use of the image object is to download an image into the cache before it is needed to display , image object can be used to create different kinds of animations or to display one of several images based on the desired requirement , in java script image object can be used to display the required pre loaded image
Properties of image object is : height , width ,hspace ,vspace , src , name border etc
Methods :none
Event handlers:on aboart , onload, onerror etc
 

Question No: 39    ( Marks: 5 )

 Write the JavaScript code for the Function SumOddNumbers(maxNumber) that can add non-negative odd numbers up to maxNumber and return their sum.

Function sum odd numbers(maxnumber){var sum=0;
For(i=0; <maxNumbers;I++)
{
{
if(i / 2 == 1 || i == 1)
sum += i;
}

return sum;

}

 

Question No: 40    ( Marks: 10 )

 Write a note on :

• Coding guidelines
• Guidelines for developing short programs.
• Coding guidelines
• • Always use semicolons to end statements
• • Indent blocks of code (2 to 5 spaces)
• • Identifiers
• • Use the camel back scheme
• • Variables: nouns
• • Functions: verbs
• • Comment Liberally
• • Make them descriptive but concise
•  

   Gudelines for developing short programs.

• • Read and understand the problem
• • Do  you have all the required data?
• • No: Get it
• • Else assume it. State it explicitly
• • Do the design

 

Question No: 41    ( Marks: 10 )

 write a note on each of the following:

a. Vector or Object-Oriented Graphics:

b. Bit-Mapped or Raster Graphics:

A:In Vector or object oriented graphic everything drawn is treated as object. objects retain their identity after they are drawon. these objects can later be moved, stretched, duplicated, deleted,etc. they are resolution independent and have relatively small file size. the examples are: swf, svg, wmf, ps
brass_ibrahim: Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygon(s), which are all based on mathematical equations, to represent images in computer graphics.
brass_ibrahim: The term "vector graphics" is mainly used today in the context of two-dimensional computer graphics Virtually all modern 3D rendering is done using extensions of 2D vector graphics techniques .Virtually all modern 3D rendering is done using extensions of 2D vector graphics techniques
B:Bit-Mapped or Raster Graphics:
Treats everything that is drawn as a bit-map
If an object is drawn on top of another, it is difficult to move just one of them while
leaving the other untouched
Changing the resolution often requires considerable touch-up work
Relatively large file size
Examples: gif, jpg, bmp
masood.tariq: Bit-Mapped or Raster Graphics:
Treats everything that is drawn as a bit-map
If an object is drawn on top of another, it is difficult to move just one of them while
leaving the other untouched
Changing the resolution often requires considerable touch-up work
Relatively large file size
Examples: gif, jpg, bmp

Question No: 17    ( Marks: 2 )  

 Write the major types of softwares with examples?

Answer..
System SW
System software is responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing the individual
hardware components of a computer system.
System software performs tasks like transferring data from memory to disk, or rendering
text onto a display Specific kinds of system software include loading programs, operating
systems, device drivers, compilers, assemblers, linkers, and utilities.
Software libraries that perform generic functions also tend to be regarded as system
software. System software stored on non-volatile storage on integrated circuits is usually
termed firmware. These generally perform the background tasks in a computer. These
programs, many times, talk directly to the HW.
Application SW
Programs that generally interact with the user to perform work that is useful to the user.
These programs generally talk to the HW through the assistance of system SW.

 
Question No: 18    ( Marks: 2 )

 What is the major difference between paragraph <p> and Line Break <BR> tags?

    <P> … </P>
Paragraph
<BR>
Line break

Question No: 19    ( Marks: 2 )

 Why PASCAL was designed and what is the problem with PASCAL? 

Answer,,

Pascal is very good for writing well-structured and readable programs, but it is not as
flexible as the C programming language
C++ embodies powerful object-oriented features, but it is complex and difficult to learn
What changes in the field of computer languages can we expect in the near future

 

Question No: 20    ( Marks: 3 )

 What are the key requirements of E-commerce Software?

    Answer..
E-Commerce Software
Key requirements:
Reliability
Security
Ability to handle 1000’s of transactions, simultaneously

Question No: 21    ( Marks: 3 )

 Write down the pseudo code for the following flow chart.

Answer…. Pseudo code
Flowcharts
Actual code
Pseudo Code
Language that is typically used for writing algorithms
Similar to a programming language, but not as rigid
The method of expression most suitable for a gi

 

Question No: 22    ( Marks: 5 )

 (a) Write down two positive features of client-side scripting.

Answet..

Reduced server load as it does not have to send messages to the user’s browser about
missing or incorrect data
Reduced network traffic as the form’s data is sent only once instead of many to’s and
fro’s

Question No: 17    ( Marks: 2 )

 What is Ockham’s Razor principle ?

Answer…
When choosing among competing, successful solutions to a problem, choose the one which is the least
complex
This principle is called the “Ockham’s Razor,” after William of Ockham - famous 13-th
century English philosopher

Question No: 17      ( Marks: 2 )

Explain briefly the different techniques that are used to embed JavaScript code in a web page?

Answer., Client-side JavaScript code is embedded within HTML documents in a number of ways:

• Between a pair of <script> and </script> tags
• From an external file specified by the src attribute of a <script> tag
• In an event handler, specified as the value of an HTML attribute such as onclick or onmouseover
• As the body of a URL that uses the special javascript: protocol

The following sections document each of these JavaScript embedding techniques in more detail. Together, they explain all the ways to include JavaScript in web pages -- that is, they explain the allowed structure of JavaScript programs on the client side.