Here you can download Mgrt301 solved midterm past papers for midterm examination preparation...
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1 Oct 2012
Mgt201 solved final term past papers mega file
Here you can download Mgt201 solved midterm past papers in one mega file. Download from here and prepare your self for the midterm exams..
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Mgt101 solved midterm past papers mega file
Here you can download Mgt101 solved midterm past papers in one mega file. just download this file from here and prepare for you for midterm exams..
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Cs403 Solved final term past papers mega file
Here you can download Cs403 solved final term past papers in one mega file. This can help you in your final term preparation.
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24 Sept 2012
Eco403 solved final term past papers mega file
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Scarcity can best be defined as a situation in which:
There are no buyers willing to purchase what sellers have produced.
There is more than enough money to satisfy consumers' wants.
Resources are limited in quantity and can be used in different ways.
There are not enough goods to satisfy all of the buyers' demand.
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In the circular flow diagram, firms _____________ inputs and households ____________
products.
Supply; Demand
Demand; supply
Supply; supply
Demand ; demand
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Gross domestic product measured in terms of the prices of a fixed, or base, year is:
Base GDP.
Current GDP.
Real GDP.
Nominal GDP.
Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The number of people unemployed equals:
The number of people employed minus the labor force.
The labor force plus the number of people employed.
The number of people employed divided by the labor force.
The labor force minus the number of people employed.
Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Keeping in mind the functions of money, which one of the following is money?
Currency
Check
Credit cards
Time deposits
Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following would not be included in M2?
Demand deposits
Checking accounts
Money market accounts
None of the given options
Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The relationship between consumer spending and income is known as the:
45-degree line.
Consumption function.
Investment function.
Consumer price index.
Download Complete file: Click here
Scarcity can best be defined as a situation in which:
There are no buyers willing to purchase what sellers have produced.
There is more than enough money to satisfy consumers' wants.
Resources are limited in quantity and can be used in different ways.
There are not enough goods to satisfy all of the buyers' demand.
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In the circular flow diagram, firms _____________ inputs and households ____________
products.
Supply; Demand
Demand; supply
Supply; supply
Demand ; demand
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Gross domestic product measured in terms of the prices of a fixed, or base, year is:
Base GDP.
Current GDP.
Real GDP.
Nominal GDP.
Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The number of people unemployed equals:
The number of people employed minus the labor force.
The labor force plus the number of people employed.
The number of people employed divided by the labor force.
The labor force minus the number of people employed.
Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Keeping in mind the functions of money, which one of the following is money?
Currency
Check
Credit cards
Time deposits
Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following would not be included in M2?
Demand deposits
Checking accounts
Money market accounts
None of the given options
Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The relationship between consumer spending and income is known as the:
45-degree line.
Consumption function.
Investment function.
Consumer price index.
Download Complete file: Click here
21 Sept 2012
Eng301 solved subjective finalterm past papers
Question No: 31 ( M a r k s: 2 ) What are solicited and unsolicited sales letters?
There are two kinds of sales letters: (i) Solicited letter (the organization is invited to respond to sales messages.) (ii) Unsolicited letter (the organization sends out uninvited messages to sell a product or service) Solicited sales are the letters that you write in response to an inquiry. With these letters, the organization has one central goal: to get responses quickly to someone‘s request for information, use the direct plan for the solicited letter. Unsolicited sales letter are those letters which you write to people who can be persuaded through these letters to buy your product or service. These letters demand superior writing Skills. Often you will work with a marketing department or even an ad agency; they will make recommendations about the mailing lists, the timing, the core theme, and the visual presentation of brochures and accompanying material. Question No: 32 ( M a r k s: 2 ) What is ethnographic research?
Ethnographic research Ethnographic research is a special types of case study research. It is distinguished from other types of case studies because it uses the theories and methods of anthropology to study the culture of schools and classrooms .
Question No: 33 ( M a r k s: 2 ) What is a stress interview?
Perhaps the most unnerving types of interview is the stress interview. Stress interviews help recruiters see how you handle yourself under pressure. See how well a candidate handles stressful situations. During a stress interview, you might be asked
pointed questions designed to irk or unsettle you. You might be subjected to long periods of silence, criticisms of your appearance, deliberate interruptions, abrupt or even hostile reactions by the interviewer(lesson no 36).
Question No: 34 ( M a r k s: 3 ) Which points should keep in mind about right attitude for successful collection?
Right attitude for successful collections • Any emotional reaction on the part of the debtor may reduce the chances of recovery. • Successful collection depends to on the following factors • Understanding of Human Nature • Knowledge of collection policies and laws • Using persuasive / positive appeals effectively i) Appeal to fairness & justice ii) Appeal to pride iii) Appeal to Goodwill iv) Appeal to sympathy Begin with assumption that most people will pay • Give no impression that you doubt the honesty of the debtor • Use a courteous, reasonable tone but become firmer • And more demanding during the later stages of the series • Remain with the law, don‘t harass • Show understanding and flexibility while writing delinquent accounts • Send collection notices quickly and regularly • Never imply in you messages that payment can be avoid or postponed. • Retain goodwill throughout the series • Present you evidence and stick to the facts • Persuade the debtors of the benefit he will receive by paying • State clearly the specific action the debtor must take...
Download complete file: Click here
There are two kinds of sales letters: (i) Solicited letter (the organization is invited to respond to sales messages.) (ii) Unsolicited letter (the organization sends out uninvited messages to sell a product or service) Solicited sales are the letters that you write in response to an inquiry. With these letters, the organization has one central goal: to get responses quickly to someone‘s request for information, use the direct plan for the solicited letter. Unsolicited sales letter are those letters which you write to people who can be persuaded through these letters to buy your product or service. These letters demand superior writing Skills. Often you will work with a marketing department or even an ad agency; they will make recommendations about the mailing lists, the timing, the core theme, and the visual presentation of brochures and accompanying material. Question No: 32 ( M a r k s: 2 ) What is ethnographic research?
Ethnographic research Ethnographic research is a special types of case study research. It is distinguished from other types of case studies because it uses the theories and methods of anthropology to study the culture of schools and classrooms .
Question No: 33 ( M a r k s: 2 ) What is a stress interview?
Perhaps the most unnerving types of interview is the stress interview. Stress interviews help recruiters see how you handle yourself under pressure. See how well a candidate handles stressful situations. During a stress interview, you might be asked
pointed questions designed to irk or unsettle you. You might be subjected to long periods of silence, criticisms of your appearance, deliberate interruptions, abrupt or even hostile reactions by the interviewer(lesson no 36).
Question No: 34 ( M a r k s: 3 ) Which points should keep in mind about right attitude for successful collection?
Right attitude for successful collections • Any emotional reaction on the part of the debtor may reduce the chances of recovery. • Successful collection depends to on the following factors • Understanding of Human Nature • Knowledge of collection policies and laws • Using persuasive / positive appeals effectively i) Appeal to fairness & justice ii) Appeal to pride iii) Appeal to Goodwill iv) Appeal to sympathy Begin with assumption that most people will pay • Give no impression that you doubt the honesty of the debtor • Use a courteous, reasonable tone but become firmer • And more demanding during the later stages of the series • Remain with the law, don‘t harass • Show understanding and flexibility while writing delinquent accounts • Send collection notices quickly and regularly • Never imply in you messages that payment can be avoid or postponed. • Retain goodwill throughout the series • Present you evidence and stick to the facts • Persuade the debtors of the benefit he will receive by paying • State clearly the specific action the debtor must take...
Download complete file: Click here
Eng301 solved finalterm past papers
here you can download Eng301 solved finalterm past papers. With the help of thees papers you can prepare you for finalterm examination..
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Mcm101 solved finalterm past papers
Fall 2009
MCM101- Introduction to Mass Communication (Session - 5) Shared by Shakeel irfan
Time: 60 min
Marks: 45
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Before the invention of paper, what material was used for writing purposes?
Root of the trees
Fruits of the tree
Leaves of the trees
Bark of the trees
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Suppose a student is unable to understand the lecture just because it is being delivered in
English. Identify the student’s problem.
1 / 18
MCM101 FinalTerm 2009 s5 solved
Written by Fuad Hasan
Thursday, 23 December 2010 14:35 -
Standard Meaning’s Problem
Static Evaluation
Linguistic Barrier
Cultural Conflict
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which one is the most sensitive area in communication?
Message
Channel
Source
Receiver
Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose vuzs one
If a person from Pakistan has to go to live in America. What he can do to avoid communication
problems with Americans there?
2 / 18
MCM101 FinalTerm 2009 s5 solved
Written by Fuad Hasan
Thursday, 23 December 2010 14:35 -
He should gather the knowledge about the social norms of that society.
He should gather the knowledge about the Pakistani community living there.
He should avoid meeting native people.
All of the given options
Download complete file: click here
MCM101- Introduction to Mass Communication (Session - 5) Shared by Shakeel irfan
Time: 60 min
Marks: 45
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Before the invention of paper, what material was used for writing purposes?
Root of the trees
Fruits of the tree
Leaves of the trees
Bark of the trees
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Suppose a student is unable to understand the lecture just because it is being delivered in
English. Identify the student’s problem.
1 / 18
MCM101 FinalTerm 2009 s5 solved
Written by Fuad Hasan
Thursday, 23 December 2010 14:35 -
Standard Meaning’s Problem
Static Evaluation
Linguistic Barrier
Cultural Conflict
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which one is the most sensitive area in communication?
Message
Channel
Source
Receiver
Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose vuzs one
If a person from Pakistan has to go to live in America. What he can do to avoid communication
problems with Americans there?
2 / 18
MCM101 FinalTerm 2009 s5 solved
Written by Fuad Hasan
Thursday, 23 December 2010 14:35 -
He should gather the knowledge about the social norms of that society.
He should gather the knowledge about the Pakistani community living there.
He should avoid meeting native people.
All of the given options
Download complete file: click here
12 Sept 2012
Cs201 solved subjective questions for final term
Question 1:-
Identify each of the following as system software and application software. (mark 5)
LINUX, DISK CLEANUP, WORD PROCESSOR, WINDOWS, STUDENT INFORMATION
Answer:-
System software: - Linux, Disk cleanup, windows.
Application software:- Word Processor, Student information
Question 2:-
Write a program which defines three variables of type double which store three different values
including decimal points, using set precision manipulators to print all these values with different
numbers of digits after the decimal number.(5)
Answer:-
#include
#include
int main ()
{
double x1 = 12345624.72345
double x2 = 987654.12345
double x3 = 1985.23456
cout << setprecision (3) << x1<< endl;
cout << setprecision (4) << x2 << endl;
cout << setprecision (5) << x3<< endl;
return 0;
}
Question 3:-
Define static variable also explain life time of static variable? (3)
Answer:
Static variable means maintaining the state of a variable. It exists and lives around even when we are
outside the function. It is created and initialized only once during the lifetime of the program and therefore
it will be destroyed or taken out of memory only once during the lifetime of the program.
Question 4:-
What do you know about run time error? (3)
Answer:
Run-Time Errors
• Occur when the program is running and tries to do something that is against the
2
rules
Example: Accessing a non-existent variable, property, method, object, etc (e.g. a method
name is misspelled)
• Sources of these can be determined by a careful reading of the code, but
unfortunately, not always
Question 5:
What is limitation of the friendship between classes? (3)
Answer:
Friendship relation between classes is a one way relation that is if one class declare friend another class then
the another class is the friend of first class but not the first class if the friend of another class.
Question 6:
what is the source and destination of cin?(2)
Answer:
For cin, the source is normally keyboard and the destination can be an ordinary variable i.e. native-data type
variable
Question 6:
Write the general syntax of allocation memory dynamically to an array using new operator? (2)
Answer: Page 332
Following is the syntax:
new data_type [number_of_locations];
Question 7:
What is diffrent between pointer and variable?
Answer:-
normal variable contains tha value of variable either int or float whereas pointer variable contains the
address of another variable
Question 8:
What is difference between Unary and binary operators and how they can be overloaded?
Answer:-
Unary operator takes one argument.
a ++ is an example of unary operator
Binary take two operators
+,-,* are example of binary operators
Overloaded binary operator may return any type
Here is general syntax of overloading
Return-type operator symbol (parameters);
Operator is keyword
Question 9:
How many types of templates?
Answer:-
There are two different types of templates in C++ language i.e.’ function templates and class templates.
Question 10:
What will be the output of following function if we call this function by passing int 5?
template T reciprocal(T x) {return (1/x); }
3
Answer:-
0
The output will zero as 1/5 and its .05 but conversion to int make it
zero
Above is prototype of template class so assume passing an int and
returning an int.
Download complete file: Click here to download
11 Sept 2012
Eco403 mega solved quizz file
BC090400798 : Muttee Ullah
Quiz Start Time: 11:53 AM
Time Left 85
sec(s)
Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: 11:53:02 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which would NOT tend to be a cause of an increase in productivity?
Select correct option:
Increases in labor supply
Increases in human capital
Correct Increases in quality of capital
Improvements in technology
Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 11:54:28 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Suppose in an economy, money is growing at 8% per year and output is growing at 5 % per year then the inflation rate in that
economy would be:
Select correct option:
correct 3%
5%
10%
13%
Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 11:55:46 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is included in M2?
Select correct option:
Commercial paper
Stocks
U.S. Treasury bonds
Savings accounts
Question # 4 of 15 ( Start time: 11:59:00 AM ) Total Marks: 1
The extra output that a firm can produce using an additional unit of labor is known as:
Select correct option:
Average product of labor.
correct Marginal product of labor.
Total product.
Total cost.
Question # 5 of 15 ( Start time: 11:59:37 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is the largest component of total expenditures?
Select correct option:
correct Consumption
Investment
Government spending
Net exports
Download complete file: Click here to download
Quiz Start Time: 11:53 AM
Time Left 85
sec(s)
Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: 11:53:02 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which would NOT tend to be a cause of an increase in productivity?
Select correct option:
Increases in labor supply
Increases in human capital
Correct Increases in quality of capital
Improvements in technology
Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 11:54:28 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Suppose in an economy, money is growing at 8% per year and output is growing at 5 % per year then the inflation rate in that
economy would be:
Select correct option:
correct 3%
5%
10%
13%
Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 11:55:46 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is included in M2?
Select correct option:
Commercial paper
Stocks
U.S. Treasury bonds
Savings accounts
Question # 4 of 15 ( Start time: 11:59:00 AM ) Total Marks: 1
The extra output that a firm can produce using an additional unit of labor is known as:
Select correct option:
Average product of labor.
correct Marginal product of labor.
Total product.
Total cost.
Question # 5 of 15 ( Start time: 11:59:37 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is the largest component of total expenditures?
Select correct option:
correct Consumption
Investment
Government spending
Net exports
Download complete file: Click here to download
Eco403 solved subjective short notes for midterm
Actual budget:
The amount spent by the Federal government (to purchase goods and services and for transfer
payments) less the amount of tax revenues collected by it in any fiscal year; and which can not
reliably used to determine whether it is pursuing an expansionary or concretionary fiscal policy.
Actual deficit : The size of federal government’s budget deficit actually measured or recorded in any given year.
Actual investment :
The amount which business firms do invest: equal to planned investment plus unplanned investment.
Actual reserves :
The funds which a member bank has on deposit at the Federal Reserve Bank of its district.
Adaptive expectation theory :
The idea that people determine their expectations about future events (e.g. inflation) on the basis of
past and present events (rates of inflation) and only change their expectations as events unfolds.
Aggregate demand :
A schedule or curve which shows the total quantity of goods and services demanded (purchased) at
different price levels.
Aggregate supply :
A schedule or curve showing the total quantity of goods and services supplied (produced) at different
price level.
Anticipated inflation :
Inflation at a rate equal to the rate expected in that period of time
Asset demand for money :
The amount of money people want to hold as a store of value (the amount of their financial assets
they wish to have in the form of money); and which varies inversely with the rate of interest.
Average propensity to consume :
Fraction of disposable income which households spend for consumer goods and services;
consumption divided by disposable income.
Average propensity to save :
Fraction of disposable income which household save; saving divided by disposable income.
Download complete file: Click here to download
The amount spent by the Federal government (to purchase goods and services and for transfer
payments) less the amount of tax revenues collected by it in any fiscal year; and which can not
reliably used to determine whether it is pursuing an expansionary or concretionary fiscal policy.
Actual deficit : The size of federal government’s budget deficit actually measured or recorded in any given year.
Actual investment :
The amount which business firms do invest: equal to planned investment plus unplanned investment.
Actual reserves :
The funds which a member bank has on deposit at the Federal Reserve Bank of its district.
Adaptive expectation theory :
The idea that people determine their expectations about future events (e.g. inflation) on the basis of
past and present events (rates of inflation) and only change their expectations as events unfolds.
Aggregate demand :
A schedule or curve which shows the total quantity of goods and services demanded (purchased) at
different price levels.
Aggregate supply :
A schedule or curve showing the total quantity of goods and services supplied (produced) at different
price level.
Anticipated inflation :
Inflation at a rate equal to the rate expected in that period of time
Asset demand for money :
The amount of money people want to hold as a store of value (the amount of their financial assets
they wish to have in the form of money); and which varies inversely with the rate of interest.
Average propensity to consume :
Fraction of disposable income which households spend for consumer goods and services;
consumption divided by disposable income.
Average propensity to save :
Fraction of disposable income which household save; saving divided by disposable income.
Download complete file: Click here to download
Cs101 solved subjective question short notes
1. Write a note on other virus like programs (10)
Answer:
Other Virus-Like Programs
• There are other computer programs that are similar to viruses in some ways but different in some
others
• Three types:
– Trojan horses
– Logic- or time-bombs
– Worms
Trojan Horses
• Unlike viruses, they are stand-alone programs
• The look like what they are not
• They appear to be something interesting and harmless (e.g. a game) but when they are executed,
destruction results
Logic- or Time-Bombs
• It executes its payload when a predetermined event occurs
• Example events:
• A particular word or phrase is typed
– A particular date or time is reached
Worms
• Harmless in the sense that they only make copies of themselves on the infected computer
• Harmful in the sense that it can use up available computer resources (i.e. memory, storage,
processing), making it slow or even completely useless
Designing, writing, or propagating malicious code or participating in any of the fore-mentioned activities
can result in criminal prosecution, which in turn, may lead to jail terms and fines!
2. What is holographic storage? (2 marks)
Answer:
Holographic storage:
Holographic data storage is a potential replacement technology in the area of
high-capacity data storage currently dominated by magnetic and conventional optical data
storage.
3. What is semantic web and how is it different from normal web? (2
marks)
Answer:
Symantec Web:
The Semantic Web is the future generation in WWW technology. It envisages
information from diverse sources being easily combined and used in profoundly different
and more powerful ways.
4. Write the types of computer networks? (2 marks)
Answer:
Types of Computer Networks according to the network access policy
• Private
• Public
5. What are structured vector graphics? (3 marks)
Answer:
Structured Vector Graphics
• New format; may become more popular than Flash
• Plug-in required
• Text-file storage; search engine friendly
6. What is in line java script event handling? (5 marks)
Answer:
In-Line JavaScript Event Handling:
Event handlers are placed in the BODY portion of a Web page as attributes of HTML
Tags
The event handler attribute consists of 3 parts:
The identifier of the event handler
The equal sign
A string consisting of JavaScript statements enclosed in double or single quotes
Multiple JavaScript statements (separated by semicolons) can be placed in that string, but
All have to fit in a single line; no new line characters are allowed in that string
Due to this limitation, sophisticated event handling is not possible with in-line event
Handling
Ppaer#2 CS101 (Solved)
1. Define the term 3D Rendering? (2 marks)
Answer:
3D Rendering:
The process of converting information about 3D objects into a bit map that can be
displayed on a 2D computer display
Computationally, very expensive!
Steps:
Draw the wire-frame (skeleton, made with thin lines)
Fill with colors, textures, patterns
Add lighting effects (reflections shadows)
2. What is an intelligent system? (2 marks)
Answer:
Intelligent system:
SW programs or SW/HW systems designed to perform complex tasks employing
strategies that mimic some aspect of human thought.
3. What is a compiler? Write its one benefit over interpreter? (5 marks)
Answer:
Compiler:
Compiler translates the program written in a HLL in one go. The translated code
is then used by the up whenever the program needs to be run.
To run a program you've written, e.g. in JAVA, it must first be translated into machine
code so the computer can read it. This is what compilers and interpreters do.
However, compilers convert the code all at once, save it, and then run it; whereas
interpreters translate the code one line at a time, as it is run.
Interpreters tend to result in faster translating of code so they are used mostly for
debugging. This is because if you used a compiler, you'd have to re-compile your entire
project every time you changed one little thing.
4. Who is a computing professional? (3 marks)
Answer:
Computing professional
• Computer scientists, software engineers, computer engineers, and some of the
Telecom engineers are generally classified as computing professionals.
Download Complete file Click here to download
Answer:
Other Virus-Like Programs
• There are other computer programs that are similar to viruses in some ways but different in some
others
• Three types:
– Trojan horses
– Logic- or time-bombs
– Worms
Trojan Horses
• Unlike viruses, they are stand-alone programs
• The look like what they are not
• They appear to be something interesting and harmless (e.g. a game) but when they are executed,
destruction results
Logic- or Time-Bombs
• It executes its payload when a predetermined event occurs
• Example events:
• A particular word or phrase is typed
– A particular date or time is reached
Worms
• Harmless in the sense that they only make copies of themselves on the infected computer
• Harmful in the sense that it can use up available computer resources (i.e. memory, storage,
processing), making it slow or even completely useless
Designing, writing, or propagating malicious code or participating in any of the fore-mentioned activities
can result in criminal prosecution, which in turn, may lead to jail terms and fines!
2. What is holographic storage? (2 marks)
Answer:
Holographic storage:
Holographic data storage is a potential replacement technology in the area of
high-capacity data storage currently dominated by magnetic and conventional optical data
storage.
3. What is semantic web and how is it different from normal web? (2
marks)
Answer:
Symantec Web:
The Semantic Web is the future generation in WWW technology. It envisages
information from diverse sources being easily combined and used in profoundly different
and more powerful ways.
4. Write the types of computer networks? (2 marks)
Answer:
Types of Computer Networks according to the network access policy
• Private
• Public
5. What are structured vector graphics? (3 marks)
Answer:
Structured Vector Graphics
• New format; may become more popular than Flash
• Plug-in required
• Text-file storage; search engine friendly
6. What is in line java script event handling? (5 marks)
Answer:
In-Line JavaScript Event Handling:
Event handlers are placed in the BODY portion of a Web page as attributes of HTML
Tags
The event handler attribute consists of 3 parts:
The identifier of the event handler
The equal sign
A string consisting of JavaScript statements enclosed in double or single quotes
Multiple JavaScript statements (separated by semicolons) can be placed in that string, but
All have to fit in a single line; no new line characters are allowed in that string
Due to this limitation, sophisticated event handling is not possible with in-line event
Handling
Ppaer#2 CS101 (Solved)
1. Define the term 3D Rendering? (2 marks)
Answer:
3D Rendering:
The process of converting information about 3D objects into a bit map that can be
displayed on a 2D computer display
Computationally, very expensive!
Steps:
Draw the wire-frame (skeleton, made with thin lines)
Fill with colors, textures, patterns
Add lighting effects (reflections shadows)
2. What is an intelligent system? (2 marks)
Answer:
Intelligent system:
SW programs or SW/HW systems designed to perform complex tasks employing
strategies that mimic some aspect of human thought.
3. What is a compiler? Write its one benefit over interpreter? (5 marks)
Answer:
Compiler:
Compiler translates the program written in a HLL in one go. The translated code
is then used by the up whenever the program needs to be run.
To run a program you've written, e.g. in JAVA, it must first be translated into machine
code so the computer can read it. This is what compilers and interpreters do.
However, compilers convert the code all at once, save it, and then run it; whereas
interpreters translate the code one line at a time, as it is run.
Interpreters tend to result in faster translating of code so they are used mostly for
debugging. This is because if you used a compiler, you'd have to re-compile your entire
project every time you changed one little thing.
4. Who is a computing professional? (3 marks)
Answer:
Computing professional
• Computer scientists, software engineers, computer engineers, and some of the
Telecom engineers are generally classified as computing professionals.
Download Complete file Click here to download
10 Sept 2012
Eco401 short notes for midterm subjective type mega file
Here you can download Eco401 short notes for midterm subjective type question to help you in your preparation for midterm exams.
Click here to download
Click here to download
Mgt201 midterm short notes
1. Real Assets:
Real assets are tangible assets that have physical characteristics. For instance,
land, house,
Equipment, car, wheat, fruits, cotton, computers, etc., are different kinds of real
assets.
2. Securities:
Security, also known as a financial asset, is a piece of paper representing a claim
on an asset.
Securities can be classified into two categories.
3. • Direct Securities: Direct securities include stocks and bonds. While
valuing
Direct securities we take into account the cash flows generated by the
Underlying assets.
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) technique is often used to determine the value of
a stock or bond.
4. • Indirect Securities: Indirect securities include derivatives, Futures and
Options.
The securities do not generate any cash flow; however, its value depends on the
Value of the underlying asset.
While in this course, direct securities would be discussed at length, the indirect
securities would only be skimmed through in the later chapters.
5. Bonds:
Bonds represent debt. The important features of bonds are given as under.
• Internationally, bonds are the most common way for companies to raise funds.
• A bond is a long-term debt contract (on paper) issued by the borrower (Issuer
of the Bond i.e., accompany that wishes to raise funds) to the lenders
(bondholders or Investors which may include banks, financial institutions, and
private investors).
• Bonds issued by a company are usually shown on the liabilities side of the
Balance Sheet.
• A Bond requires the borrower to pay a pre-determined amount of interest
regularly to the lender (Bondholder). The interest rate or the rate of return on a
bond can be Fixed or Floating. If an Investor purchases a bond which is offering
a rate of 10 % for the life of the bond, the rate would be fixed at 10 percent.
However, if the interest rate on the bond is tied to the market interest rates, the
rate of interest would be floating. The floating rate implies that the interest rate
would fluctuate with any change in the market interest rate.
Types of Bonds:
• Debentures: Unsecured – no asset backing
• Mortgage Bond: Secured by real property i.e. Land, house
• Others: Eurobond, Zeros, Junk, etc.
The details on these different types of bonds would be discussed in later lectures.
Real assets are tangible assets that have physical characteristics. For instance,
land, house,
Equipment, car, wheat, fruits, cotton, computers, etc., are different kinds of real
assets.
2. Securities:
Security, also known as a financial asset, is a piece of paper representing a claim
on an asset.
Securities can be classified into two categories.
3. • Direct Securities: Direct securities include stocks and bonds. While
valuing
Direct securities we take into account the cash flows generated by the
Underlying assets.
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) technique is often used to determine the value of
a stock or bond.
4. • Indirect Securities: Indirect securities include derivatives, Futures and
Options.
The securities do not generate any cash flow; however, its value depends on the
Value of the underlying asset.
While in this course, direct securities would be discussed at length, the indirect
securities would only be skimmed through in the later chapters.
5. Bonds:
Bonds represent debt. The important features of bonds are given as under.
• Internationally, bonds are the most common way for companies to raise funds.
• A bond is a long-term debt contract (on paper) issued by the borrower (Issuer
of the Bond i.e., accompany that wishes to raise funds) to the lenders
(bondholders or Investors which may include banks, financial institutions, and
private investors).
• Bonds issued by a company are usually shown on the liabilities side of the
Balance Sheet.
• A Bond requires the borrower to pay a pre-determined amount of interest
regularly to the lender (Bondholder). The interest rate or the rate of return on a
bond can be Fixed or Floating. If an Investor purchases a bond which is offering
a rate of 10 % for the life of the bond, the rate would be fixed at 10 percent.
However, if the interest rate on the bond is tied to the market interest rates, the
rate of interest would be floating. The floating rate implies that the interest rate
would fluctuate with any change in the market interest rate.
Types of Bonds:
• Debentures: Unsecured – no asset backing
• Mortgage Bond: Secured by real property i.e. Land, house
• Others: Eurobond, Zeros, Junk, etc.
The details on these different types of bonds would be discussed in later lectures.
4 Sept 2012
make money online with facebook
Facebook as a social media presents unique opportunities for business
marketers, developers and companies. This has been further driven by the
need for companies to tap into the young, active and vital population.
Due to enormous numbers of Facebook users, there is a challenge to
developers to develop an application to monetize Facebook application.
However, there exist applications which have been developed to sell
programs on Facebook such as Mozes’ Purchase. You can also develop
applications to be sold under contract by third parties. You can also
use Facebook for advertisements, promotion and affiliate marketing. You
can also get funds in order to develop Facebook applications from site
like Bay Partners.
How to make money with blog
A blog is a website with listed entries on a particular subject of
discussion. The first entry is listed last while the last entry is
listed first. Although there are services and platforms that allow you
to start a blog for free, it is important to get your blog hosted if you
would want to get some money from it. A self hosted blog may cost
around $10 for domain name hosting and a few bugs for hosting. Once you
have a bogging platform, one can earn money through contextual
advertisement programs like Adsense from Google, RSS advertisement,
sponsorship, affiliate programs, donations, merchandising and many more.
Make money online with google adsense
Google does not hire people but people make money by promoting Google
programs and using Google website as a traffic to other websites. To use
Google to make money one requires to own a website. To get a website
is easy and cheap. Money is made by producing clicks for advertisers
which happens in two places: On Google such engine and other people’s
websites: Your website. Google Adsense is a program that controls this.
Google allows people with websites to place ads on their website. When
their visitors click on an ad, Google gets paid and shares that revenue
with the website owner.
But before submit the application for Google adsense first you check you blog or website that, the blog or website don't contain any kind of pornographic material or any other kind of hazard material. If your blog or website have thees kind of stuff your application will not approved for the Google adsense.
But before submit the application for Google adsense first you check you blog or website that, the blog or website don't contain any kind of pornographic material or any other kind of hazard material. If your blog or website have thees kind of stuff your application will not approved for the Google adsense.
How to earn money from Clixsense
There are 2 ways to earn from clixsense:
First:
On those paid URL’s that you will visit (Clixsense will pay you from .01cent up to $5 per visit of those websites available for you to open.)
Second:
On referring/inviting your friend to join clixsense. They’ll pay you .10cents per person that you can refer and clixsense is giving up to 5 level of downline. Meaning, if your first referral invited a friend, then that friend that she invited will be your second downline…and it goes up to the fifth level.
One thing also about clixsense is that, their premium membership only cost $10 and its for 1 year premium subscription. The inclusive of this premium membership is the automatic 500 links after paying and the whole year benefits to see ads available for regular member and ads available for premium members only.
500 clicks means that clixsense will give you 500 available clicks right away, this is worth $5 so that means you only paid $5 on your 1 year membership.
First:
On those paid URL’s that you will visit (Clixsense will pay you from .01cent up to $5 per visit of those websites available for you to open.)
Second:
On referring/inviting your friend to join clixsense. They’ll pay you .10cents per person that you can refer and clixsense is giving up to 5 level of downline. Meaning, if your first referral invited a friend, then that friend that she invited will be your second downline…and it goes up to the fifth level.
One thing also about clixsense is that, their premium membership only cost $10 and its for 1 year premium subscription. The inclusive of this premium membership is the automatic 500 links after paying and the whole year benefits to see ads available for regular member and ads available for premium members only.
500 clicks means that clixsense will give you 500 available clicks right away, this is worth $5 so that means you only paid $5 on your 1 year membership.
How to earn from chitika ads
I am going to tell you how to earn from Chitika ads more effectively that means how to earn Chitika earnings.
(1) FIRST TIP : AD PLACEMENT
Ad placement
matters a lot because the number of clicks on ads is directly
proportional to the visibility of ads at a particular location. The best
location of the ad has already been posted earlier .Check that here for knowing more about ad placement
areas and this explains the best and the worst area of ad positioning
.This helps in increasing earnings to an extent. This rule applies to
not only Chitika but for all the ad programs whether it is adsense or
adbrite.
(2) SECOND TIP : INSERT ADS INSIDE BLOG POSTS
Yes,
inserting ads inside the blog posts helps in increasing earnings as the
probability or the chances of clicks on ads increases. So all the
bloggers must try inserting ads inside blog posts .
3) THIRD : - Last but not the least , the Chitika referral programme that can help a great deal in earning revenue.
How Chitika Referral system works:-
Simply if you refer Chitika to a webmaster/friend and he/she signs up for the Chitika ads to display on his site/blog.
It can help you earn 10 % of what your webmaster/friend earns for the first 15 months.
Google Adsense alternatives
This post will help you to choose an adsense alternative that suits your requirement and most apt. For you.
1) Bidvertiser : I used Bidvertiser as my first ever adsense alternative. Just sign up and you will be given an ad code and pasting that Html ad code will display ads instantly on your site. Minimum payout is $ 10 via Paypal and $ 50 via check. However if you are from India or any Asian country and getting traffic from these countries Bidvertiser is not a good option as an adsense alternative .However If your site or blog is getting Huge amount of traffic then you can use Bidvertiser as your adsense alternative. You can Sign up for an Bidvertiser account from here.
2) Adbrite : Another popular adsense alternative. Offers various formats of ads. Minimum payout same as that of Bidvertiser. However when I used this on my blog, despite getting impressions was not able to earn out of Adbrite , thats why removed Adbrite.
3) Chitika : - Best till now., Currently using it as ad programme on my blog. I must say it works fine as compared to other adsense alternatives. Read more about Chitika here and you can sign up for Chitika account from here.
4) Infolinks : It is In-Text ads that means a particular word gets highlighted and serves as a banner for ads whenever the mouse is dragged over it. Also infolinks offers tag clouds to earn more out of it. You can earn decently out of infolinks. I would suggest Infolinks to be used as an adsense alternative and also it can be used along with Google Adsense.
5) Clicksor : Also serves banner ads. Used this on my blog as an alternative but found Clicksor to be useless for me. Displays poor, low quality ads that why removed it. Also a lot of pop-ups opens while opening a particular page serving Clicksor ads.
Thees are the some easiest way's to make money online with your blog or website.
1) Bidvertiser : I used Bidvertiser as my first ever adsense alternative. Just sign up and you will be given an ad code and pasting that Html ad code will display ads instantly on your site. Minimum payout is $ 10 via Paypal and $ 50 via check. However if you are from India or any Asian country and getting traffic from these countries Bidvertiser is not a good option as an adsense alternative .However If your site or blog is getting Huge amount of traffic then you can use Bidvertiser as your adsense alternative. You can Sign up for an Bidvertiser account from here.
2) Adbrite : Another popular adsense alternative. Offers various formats of ads. Minimum payout same as that of Bidvertiser. However when I used this on my blog, despite getting impressions was not able to earn out of Adbrite , thats why removed Adbrite.
3) Chitika : - Best till now., Currently using it as ad programme on my blog. I must say it works fine as compared to other adsense alternatives. Read more about Chitika here and you can sign up for Chitika account from here.
4) Infolinks : It is In-Text ads that means a particular word gets highlighted and serves as a banner for ads whenever the mouse is dragged over it. Also infolinks offers tag clouds to earn more out of it. You can earn decently out of infolinks. I would suggest Infolinks to be used as an adsense alternative and also it can be used along with Google Adsense.
5) Clicksor : Also serves banner ads. Used this on my blog as an alternative but found Clicksor to be useless for me. Displays poor, low quality ads that why removed it. Also a lot of pop-ups opens while opening a particular page serving Clicksor ads.
Thees are the some easiest way's to make money online with your blog or website.
Cs301 solved subjective midterm past papers
Question: What is Abstraction?
Answer: The importance of abstraction is derived from its ability to hide irrelevant details and
from the use of names to reference objects. Abstraction is essential in the construction of
programs. It places the emphasis on what an object is or does rather than how it is
represented or how it works. Thus, it is the primary means of managing complexity in
large programs.
Question: What is a Class Diagram?
Answer: A class diagrams are widely used to describe the types of objects in a system and their
relationships. Class diagrams model class structure and contents using design elements
such as classes, packages and objects.
Question: What is Method Overriding?
Answer: Method overriding is a language feature that allows a subclass to override a specific
implementation of a method that is already provided by one of its super-classes. A
subclass can give its own definition of methods but need to have the same signature as
the method in its super-class. This means that when overriding a method the subclass's
method has to have the same name and parameter list as the super-class's overridden
method.
Question: What is Operator Overloading?
Answer: The operator overloading is a specific case of polymorphisms in which some or all of
operators like +, - or == are treated as polymorphic (multi) functions and as such have
different behaviors depending on the types of its arguments.
Question: What is Method Overloading?
Answer: The method overloading is the ability to define several methods (in same class) all with
the same name but different on the basis of i) number of parameters ii) types of
parameters.
Question: What is Polymorphisms?
Answer: Polymorphism is a generic term that means 'many shapes'. More precisely Polymorphism
means the ability to request that the same operations be performed by a wide range of
different types of things.
Question: What is Inheritance?
Answer: Ability of a new class to be created, from an existing class by extending it, is called
inheritance.
Question: What is a base class?
Answer: When inheritance is used to create a new class from another, the new class is called the
subclass or derived class, and the class from which it was derived is called the base class.
Question: What is a concrete class?
Answer: A concrete class is one that can be used to directly create, or instantiate objects, unlike an
abstract base class which can only be used as a base class for other classes which
eventually lead to concrete classes
Question: What are data members?
Answer: Objects are miniature programs, consisting of both code and data. The code consists of a
series of member functions. The data items are called data members.
Question: What is a constructor?
Answer: Objects are complete, miniature programs and, like any good programs, have well
defined initialization and termination phases. They have special routines (i.e. member
functions ) to look after this. The initialization routine is called the constructor, and C++
ensures that every object is properly initialized by calling its constructor. The designer of
the object can have more than one constructor, a situation called overloading and then the
compiler will select between them depending on exactly what arguments are passed to the
constructor function. However there must always be a default constructor, to be used
when no information is supplied.
Question: What is a destructor?
Answer: The termination routine is called the destructor, and C++ will provide a default if none is
supplied. If, during the lifetime of the object, it uses heap memory then the designer of
the object must provide a destructor function to release such memory to avoid a memory
leak.
Question: What is global variable?
Answer: Global variables can be accessed throughout a program. Another way to put this is to say
they have global scope.
Question: What is local variable?
Answer: Local variables can only be accessed within the function, or more specifically the
compound statement in which they are declared. Another way to put this is to say they
have local scope.
Question: What is a null pointer?
Answer: A null pointer is a pointer that is currently pointing to nothing. Often pointers are set to
zero to make them null pointers or tested against zero to see if they are null or not.
Question: What is a pointer?
Answer: A pointer is a variable that holds the address of another variable or object.
Question: What is meant by protected?
Answer: The protected keyword in the class statement means that the following members of the
class are not available to users of the objects of the class, but can be used by any subclass
that inherits from it, and consequently forms part of its implementation.
Question: What is OOP?
Answer: The object oriented programming is commonly known as OOP. Most of the languages
are developed using OOP concept. Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a
programming concept that uses "objects" to develop a system. An object hides the
implementation details and exposes only the functionalities and parameters it requires to
its client. Here also an object shares the same concept as that of a bike. While driving a
motor bike, we are unaware of its implementation details such as how it is developed,
internal working of gears etc.? We know only the functions or actions it can perform.
Question: What are the various elements of OOP?
Answer: Various elements of OOP are: Object Class Method Encapsulation Information Hiding
Inheritance Polymorphism
Question: What are the characteristics of Object Oriented programming language?
Answer: Some key features of the Object Oriented programming are: Emphasis on data rather than
procedure Programs are divided into entities known as objects Data Structures are
designed such that they characterize objects Functions that operate on data of an object
are tied together in data structures Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by external
functions Objects communicate with each other through functions New data and
functions can be easily added whenever necessary Follows bottom up design in program
design
Question: What are the basic Concepts used in the Object-Oriented Programming language?
Answer: Object Class Data Abstraction and Encapsulation Polymorphism Inheritance Message
passing Dynamic binding
Question: What Is An Object? (Object-Oriented Technology)
Answer: There are many definitions of an object, such as found in [Booch 91, p77]: "An object has
state, behavior, and identity; the structure and behavior of similar objects are defined in
their common class; the terms instance and object are interchangeable". This is a "classical
languages" definition, as defined in [Coplien 92, p280], where "classes play a central role
in the object model", since they do not in prototyping/delegation languages. "The term
object was first formally applied in the Simula language, and objects typically existed in
Simula programs to simulate some aspect of reality" [Booch 91, p77]. Other definitions
referenced by Booch include Smith and Tockey: "an object represents an individual,
identifiable item, unit, or entity, either real or abstract, with a well-defined role in the
problem domain." and [Cox 91]: "anything with a crisply defined boundary" (in context,
this is "outside the computer domain". A more conventional definition appears on pg 54).
Booch goes on to describe these definitions in depth. [Martin 92, p 241] defines: "An
"object" is anything to which a concept applies", and "A concept is an idea or notion we
share that applies to certain objects in our awareness". [Rumbaugh 91] defines: "We define
an object as a concept, abstraction or thing with crisp boundaries and meaning for the
problem at hand." [Shlaer 88, p 14] defines: "An object is an abstraction of a set of realworld
things such that:
Question: What Is Object Encapsulation (Or Protection)?
Answer: [Booch 91, p. 45] defines: "Encapsulation is the process of hiding all of the details of an
object that do not contribute to its essential characteristics." [Coad 91, 1.1.2] defines:
"Encapsulation (Information Hiding). A principle, used when developing an overall
program structure, that each component of a program should encapsulate or hide a single
design decision... The interface to each module is defined in such a way as to reveal as
little as possible about its inner workings. [Oxford, 1986]" Some languages permit
arbitrary access to objects and allow methods to be defined outside of a class as in
conventional programming. Simula and Object Pascal provide no protection for objects,
meaning instance variables may be accessed wherever visible. CLOS and Ada allow
methods to be defined outside of a class, providing functions and procedures. While both
CLOS and Ada have packages for encapsulation, CLOS's are optional while Ada's
methodology clearly specifies class-like encapsulation (Adts). However most objectoriented
languages provide a well defined interface to their objects thru classes. C++ has
a very general encapsulation/protection mechanism with public, private and protected
members. Public members (member data and member functions) may be accessed from
anywhere. A Stack's Push and Pop methods will be public. Private members are only
accessible from within a class. A Stack's representation, such as a list or array, will
usually be private. Protected members are accessible from within a class and also from
within subclasses (also called derived classes). A Stack's representation could be declared
protected allowing subclass access. C++ also allows a class to specify friends (other
(sub)classes and functions), that can access all members (its representation). Eiffel 3.0
allows exporting access to specific classes.
Question: What Is A Class?
Answer: A class is a general term denoting classification and also has a new meaning in objectoriented
methods. Within the OO context, a class is a specification of structure (instance
variables), behavior (methods), and inheritance (parents, or recursive structure and
behavior) for objects. As pointed out above, classes can also specify access permissions
for clients and derived classes, visibility and member lookup resolution. This is a featurebased
or intensional definition, emphasizing a class as a descriptor/constructor of objects
(as opposed to a collection of objects, as with the more classical extensional view, which
may begin the analysis process). Original Aristotlean classification defines a "class" as a
generalization of objects: [Booch 91, p93] "a group, set, or kind marked by common
attributes or a common attribute; a group division, distinction, or rating based on quality,
degree of competence, or condition".
Question: What Is A Meta-Class?
Answer: Meta-Class is a class' class. If a class is an object, then that object must have a class (in
classical OO anyway). Compilers provide an easy way to picture Meta-Classes. Classes
must be implemented in some way; perhaps with dictionaries for methods, instances, and
parents and methods to perform all the work of being a class. This can be declared in a
class named "Meta-Class". The Meta-Class can also provide services to application
programs, such as returning a set of all methods, instances or parents for review (or even
modification). [Booch 91, p 119] provides another example in Smalltalk with timers. In
Smalltalk, the situation is more complex
Question: What Is Inheritance?
Answer: Inheritance provides a natural classification for kinds of objects and allowsfor the
commonality of objects to be explicitly taken advantage of in modeling and constructing
object systems. Natural means we use concepts, classification, and generalization to
understand and deal with the complexities of the real world. See the example below using
computers. Inheritance is a relationship between classes where one class is the parent
base/superclass/ancestor/etc.) class of another. Inheritance provides programming by
extension (as opposed to programming by reinvention [LaLonde 90]) and can be used as
an is-a-kind-of (or is-a) relationship or for differential programming. Inheritance can also
double for assignment
Question: What Is The Difference Between Object-Based And Object-Oriented?
Answer: Object-Based Programming usually refers to objects without inheritance [Cardelli 85] and hence
without polymorphism, as in '83 Ada and Modula-2. These languages support abstract data
types (Adts) and not classes, which provide inheritance and polymorphism. Ada95 and Modula-
3; however, support both inheritance and polymorphism and are object-oriented. [Cardelli 85,
p481] state "that a language is object-oriented if and only if it satisfies the following
requirements: - It supports objects that are data abstractions with an interface of named
operations and a hidden local state. - Objects have an associated type. - Types may inherit
attributes from supertypes. object-oriented = data abstractions + object types + type inheritance
These definitions are also found in [Booch 91, Ch2 and Wegner 87]. [Coad 91] provides another
model: Object-Oriented = Classes and Objects + Inheritance + Communication with messages
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 2 )
What is difference between call by reference and call by value?
One application is to find duplicates in a list of numbers.
Let a given list be" 12 34 56 89 33 11 89
the first number in the list is placed in a node that is established as the root of a binary tree. Each number is
compared with the node in the root, if the number is larger, we search the right sub-tree else we search the left subtree.
If the sub-tree is empty, the number is not a duplicate and this will be added as a new node.
2. Binary trees can be used for sorting a given list such that, if we take the first number as root, the numbers less
than that number will be transfered to left sub-tree and the greater numbers to right sub-tree.
3. Binary trees are also used for developing the huffman codes.
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 3 )
What is the functionality of the following method of BST class
TreeNode* function(TreeNode* tree)
{
if( tree == NULL )
return NULL;
if( tree->getLeft() == NULL )
return tree; // this is it.
return function( tree->getLeft() );
}
Question No: 21 ( Marks: 3 )
a) Write a C++ statement that declares a valid reference of int i;
b) What is the benefit of reference and where can we use it?
In the last lecture we were discussing about reference variables, we saw three examples; call by
value, call by reference and call by pointer. We saw the use of stack when a function is called by
value, by reference or by pointer. The arguments passed to the function and local variables are
pushed on to the stack. There is one important point to note that in this course, we are using C/C++
but the usage of stack is similar in most of the computer languages like FORTRAN and Java . The
syntax we are using here is C++ specific, like we are sending a parameter by pointer using & sign. In
Java, the native data types like int, float are passed by value and the objects are passed by reference.
In FORTRAN, every parameter is passed by reference. In PASCAL, you can pass a parameter by
value or by reference like C++. You might have heard of ALGOL, this language had provided
another way of passing parameter ca
lled call by name. These kinds of topics are covered in subjects like
Question No: 22 ( Marks: 5 )
Determine what the following recursive “mystery” function computes when given a pointer to the root node
of a binary tree.
struct bt_s { int key; struct bt_s *left, *right; } bt_t;
int MFunc (bt_t *T) {
int N1, N2;
if (T == NULL) return -1;
N1 = MFunc(T->left);
N2 = MFunc(T->right);
return (N1 > N2 ? N1 : N2) + 1;
}
Answer: The importance of abstraction is derived from its ability to hide irrelevant details and
from the use of names to reference objects. Abstraction is essential in the construction of
programs. It places the emphasis on what an object is or does rather than how it is
represented or how it works. Thus, it is the primary means of managing complexity in
large programs.
Question: What is a Class Diagram?
Answer: A class diagrams are widely used to describe the types of objects in a system and their
relationships. Class diagrams model class structure and contents using design elements
such as classes, packages and objects.
Question: What is Method Overriding?
Answer: Method overriding is a language feature that allows a subclass to override a specific
implementation of a method that is already provided by one of its super-classes. A
subclass can give its own definition of methods but need to have the same signature as
the method in its super-class. This means that when overriding a method the subclass's
method has to have the same name and parameter list as the super-class's overridden
method.
Question: What is Operator Overloading?
Answer: The operator overloading is a specific case of polymorphisms in which some or all of
operators like +, - or == are treated as polymorphic (multi) functions and as such have
different behaviors depending on the types of its arguments.
Question: What is Method Overloading?
Answer: The method overloading is the ability to define several methods (in same class) all with
the same name but different on the basis of i) number of parameters ii) types of
parameters.
Question: What is Polymorphisms?
Answer: Polymorphism is a generic term that means 'many shapes'. More precisely Polymorphism
means the ability to request that the same operations be performed by a wide range of
different types of things.
Question: What is Inheritance?
Answer: Ability of a new class to be created, from an existing class by extending it, is called
inheritance.
Question: What is a base class?
Answer: When inheritance is used to create a new class from another, the new class is called the
subclass or derived class, and the class from which it was derived is called the base class.
Question: What is a concrete class?
Answer: A concrete class is one that can be used to directly create, or instantiate objects, unlike an
abstract base class which can only be used as a base class for other classes which
eventually lead to concrete classes
Question: What are data members?
Answer: Objects are miniature programs, consisting of both code and data. The code consists of a
series of member functions. The data items are called data members.
Question: What is a constructor?
Answer: Objects are complete, miniature programs and, like any good programs, have well
defined initialization and termination phases. They have special routines (i.e. member
functions ) to look after this. The initialization routine is called the constructor, and C++
ensures that every object is properly initialized by calling its constructor. The designer of
the object can have more than one constructor, a situation called overloading and then the
compiler will select between them depending on exactly what arguments are passed to the
constructor function. However there must always be a default constructor, to be used
when no information is supplied.
Question: What is a destructor?
Answer: The termination routine is called the destructor, and C++ will provide a default if none is
supplied. If, during the lifetime of the object, it uses heap memory then the designer of
the object must provide a destructor function to release such memory to avoid a memory
leak.
Question: What is global variable?
Answer: Global variables can be accessed throughout a program. Another way to put this is to say
they have global scope.
Question: What is local variable?
Answer: Local variables can only be accessed within the function, or more specifically the
compound statement in which they are declared. Another way to put this is to say they
have local scope.
Question: What is a null pointer?
Answer: A null pointer is a pointer that is currently pointing to nothing. Often pointers are set to
zero to make them null pointers or tested against zero to see if they are null or not.
Question: What is a pointer?
Answer: A pointer is a variable that holds the address of another variable or object.
Question: What is meant by protected?
Answer: The protected keyword in the class statement means that the following members of the
class are not available to users of the objects of the class, but can be used by any subclass
that inherits from it, and consequently forms part of its implementation.
Question: What is OOP?
Answer: The object oriented programming is commonly known as OOP. Most of the languages
are developed using OOP concept. Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a
programming concept that uses "objects" to develop a system. An object hides the
implementation details and exposes only the functionalities and parameters it requires to
its client. Here also an object shares the same concept as that of a bike. While driving a
motor bike, we are unaware of its implementation details such as how it is developed,
internal working of gears etc.? We know only the functions or actions it can perform.
Question: What are the various elements of OOP?
Answer: Various elements of OOP are: Object Class Method Encapsulation Information Hiding
Inheritance Polymorphism
Question: What are the characteristics of Object Oriented programming language?
Answer: Some key features of the Object Oriented programming are: Emphasis on data rather than
procedure Programs are divided into entities known as objects Data Structures are
designed such that they characterize objects Functions that operate on data of an object
are tied together in data structures Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by external
functions Objects communicate with each other through functions New data and
functions can be easily added whenever necessary Follows bottom up design in program
design
Question: What are the basic Concepts used in the Object-Oriented Programming language?
Answer: Object Class Data Abstraction and Encapsulation Polymorphism Inheritance Message
passing Dynamic binding
Question: What Is An Object? (Object-Oriented Technology)
Answer: There are many definitions of an object, such as found in [Booch 91, p77]: "An object has
state, behavior, and identity; the structure and behavior of similar objects are defined in
their common class; the terms instance and object are interchangeable". This is a "classical
languages" definition, as defined in [Coplien 92, p280], where "classes play a central role
in the object model", since they do not in prototyping/delegation languages. "The term
object was first formally applied in the Simula language, and objects typically existed in
Simula programs to simulate some aspect of reality" [Booch 91, p77]. Other definitions
referenced by Booch include Smith and Tockey: "an object represents an individual,
identifiable item, unit, or entity, either real or abstract, with a well-defined role in the
problem domain." and [Cox 91]: "anything with a crisply defined boundary" (in context,
this is "outside the computer domain". A more conventional definition appears on pg 54).
Booch goes on to describe these definitions in depth. [Martin 92, p 241] defines: "An
"object" is anything to which a concept applies", and "A concept is an idea or notion we
share that applies to certain objects in our awareness". [Rumbaugh 91] defines: "We define
an object as a concept, abstraction or thing with crisp boundaries and meaning for the
problem at hand." [Shlaer 88, p 14] defines: "An object is an abstraction of a set of realworld
things such that:
Question: What Is Object Encapsulation (Or Protection)?
Answer: [Booch 91, p. 45] defines: "Encapsulation is the process of hiding all of the details of an
object that do not contribute to its essential characteristics." [Coad 91, 1.1.2] defines:
"Encapsulation (Information Hiding). A principle, used when developing an overall
program structure, that each component of a program should encapsulate or hide a single
design decision... The interface to each module is defined in such a way as to reveal as
little as possible about its inner workings. [Oxford, 1986]" Some languages permit
arbitrary access to objects and allow methods to be defined outside of a class as in
conventional programming. Simula and Object Pascal provide no protection for objects,
meaning instance variables may be accessed wherever visible. CLOS and Ada allow
methods to be defined outside of a class, providing functions and procedures. While both
CLOS and Ada have packages for encapsulation, CLOS's are optional while Ada's
methodology clearly specifies class-like encapsulation (Adts). However most objectoriented
languages provide a well defined interface to their objects thru classes. C++ has
a very general encapsulation/protection mechanism with public, private and protected
members. Public members (member data and member functions) may be accessed from
anywhere. A Stack's Push and Pop methods will be public. Private members are only
accessible from within a class. A Stack's representation, such as a list or array, will
usually be private. Protected members are accessible from within a class and also from
within subclasses (also called derived classes). A Stack's representation could be declared
protected allowing subclass access. C++ also allows a class to specify friends (other
(sub)classes and functions), that can access all members (its representation). Eiffel 3.0
allows exporting access to specific classes.
Question: What Is A Class?
Answer: A class is a general term denoting classification and also has a new meaning in objectoriented
methods. Within the OO context, a class is a specification of structure (instance
variables), behavior (methods), and inheritance (parents, or recursive structure and
behavior) for objects. As pointed out above, classes can also specify access permissions
for clients and derived classes, visibility and member lookup resolution. This is a featurebased
or intensional definition, emphasizing a class as a descriptor/constructor of objects
(as opposed to a collection of objects, as with the more classical extensional view, which
may begin the analysis process). Original Aristotlean classification defines a "class" as a
generalization of objects: [Booch 91, p93] "a group, set, or kind marked by common
attributes or a common attribute; a group division, distinction, or rating based on quality,
degree of competence, or condition".
Question: What Is A Meta-Class?
Answer: Meta-Class is a class' class. If a class is an object, then that object must have a class (in
classical OO anyway). Compilers provide an easy way to picture Meta-Classes. Classes
must be implemented in some way; perhaps with dictionaries for methods, instances, and
parents and methods to perform all the work of being a class. This can be declared in a
class named "Meta-Class". The Meta-Class can also provide services to application
programs, such as returning a set of all methods, instances or parents for review (or even
modification). [Booch 91, p 119] provides another example in Smalltalk with timers. In
Smalltalk, the situation is more complex
Question: What Is Inheritance?
Answer: Inheritance provides a natural classification for kinds of objects and allowsfor the
commonality of objects to be explicitly taken advantage of in modeling and constructing
object systems. Natural means we use concepts, classification, and generalization to
understand and deal with the complexities of the real world. See the example below using
computers. Inheritance is a relationship between classes where one class is the parent
base/superclass/ancestor/etc.) class of another. Inheritance provides programming by
extension (as opposed to programming by reinvention [LaLonde 90]) and can be used as
an is-a-kind-of (or is-a) relationship or for differential programming. Inheritance can also
double for assignment
Question: What Is The Difference Between Object-Based And Object-Oriented?
Answer: Object-Based Programming usually refers to objects without inheritance [Cardelli 85] and hence
without polymorphism, as in '83 Ada and Modula-2. These languages support abstract data
types (Adts) and not classes, which provide inheritance and polymorphism. Ada95 and Modula-
3; however, support both inheritance and polymorphism and are object-oriented. [Cardelli 85,
p481] state "that a language is object-oriented if and only if it satisfies the following
requirements: - It supports objects that are data abstractions with an interface of named
operations and a hidden local state. - Objects have an associated type. - Types may inherit
attributes from supertypes. object-oriented = data abstractions + object types + type inheritance
These definitions are also found in [Booch 91, Ch2 and Wegner 87]. [Coad 91] provides another
model: Object-Oriented = Classes and Objects + Inheritance + Communication with messages
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 2 )
What is difference between call by reference and call by value?
One application is to find duplicates in a list of numbers.
Let a given list be" 12 34 56 89 33 11 89
the first number in the list is placed in a node that is established as the root of a binary tree. Each number is
compared with the node in the root, if the number is larger, we search the right sub-tree else we search the left subtree.
If the sub-tree is empty, the number is not a duplicate and this will be added as a new node.
2. Binary trees can be used for sorting a given list such that, if we take the first number as root, the numbers less
than that number will be transfered to left sub-tree and the greater numbers to right sub-tree.
3. Binary trees are also used for developing the huffman codes.
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 3 )
What is the functionality of the following method of BST class
TreeNode* function(TreeNode* tree)
{
if( tree == NULL )
return NULL;
if( tree->getLeft() == NULL )
return tree; // this is it.
return function( tree->getLeft() );
}
Question No: 21 ( Marks: 3 )
a) Write a C++ statement that declares a valid reference of int i;
b) What is the benefit of reference and where can we use it?
In the last lecture we were discussing about reference variables, we saw three examples; call by
value, call by reference and call by pointer. We saw the use of stack when a function is called by
value, by reference or by pointer. The arguments passed to the function and local variables are
pushed on to the stack. There is one important point to note that in this course, we are using C/C++
but the usage of stack is similar in most of the computer languages like FORTRAN and Java . The
syntax we are using here is C++ specific, like we are sending a parameter by pointer using & sign. In
Java, the native data types like int, float are passed by value and the objects are passed by reference.
In FORTRAN, every parameter is passed by reference. In PASCAL, you can pass a parameter by
value or by reference like C++. You might have heard of ALGOL, this language had provided
another way of passing parameter ca
lled call by name. These kinds of topics are covered in subjects like
Question No: 22 ( Marks: 5 )
Determine what the following recursive “mystery” function computes when given a pointer to the root node
of a binary tree.
struct bt_s { int key; struct bt_s *left, *right; } bt_t;
int MFunc (bt_t *T) {
int N1, N2;
if (T == NULL) return -1;
N1 = MFunc(T->left);
N2 = MFunc(T->right);
return (N1 > N2 ? N1 : N2) + 1;
}
Cs101 solved subjective midterm past papers
Question No: 31 ( Marks: 1 )
What does TCP/IP stand for?
Transmission Control Protocol
Question No: 32 ( Marks: 1 )
Why there is a need to use primary key in database ?
Primary Key is a field that uniquely identifies each record stored in a table
Question No: 33 ( Marks: 2 )
What is image processing ?
Image Processing:A branch of computer science concerned with manipulating and enhancing computer
graphics
Question No: 34 ( Marks: 2 )
Define testing with respect to programming..
Testing: The tasks performed to determine the existence of defects
Question No: 35 ( Marks: 3 )
How can we define a computer screen?
Question No: 36 ( Marks: 3 )
What is difference between Design and System Architecture?
SystemA collection of elements which working together produces a result not achieved by
the things alone
System Architecture
The structure
(in terms of components, connections, constraints) of a product or a process
Question No: 37 ( Marks: 3 )
Write JavaScript code to convert the number 236.2363611111556 into currency format and JavaScript statement to show output.
a = 236.2363611111556;
b = a.toString( ) ;
decimalPos = b.indexOf( ".", 0 ) ;
c = b.substring( 0, decimalPos + 3 ) ;
document.write( c ) ;
Question No: 38 ( Marks: 5 )
Show output of the following code:
for (i=0; i<=10; i++)
{
document.write("The number is " + i);
document.write("<br />");
}
Question No: 39 ( Marks: 5 )
What is a Relational Database? Give the names of any three RDBMS software. (2+3)
Relational Databases• Databases consisting of two or more related tables are called relational databases
• A typical relational database may have anywhere from 10 to over a thousand tables
• Each column of those tables can contain only a single type of data (contrast this
with spreadsheet columns!)
• Table rows are called records; row elements are called fields
• A relational database stores all its data inside tables, and nowhere else
• All operations on data are done on those tables or those that are generated by table
operations
• Tables, tables, and nothing but tables!
RDBMS
• Relational DBMS software
• Contains facilities for creating, populating, modifying, and querying relational
databases
• Examples:
–Access
–FileMaker Pro
–SQL Server
–Oracle
Question No: 40 ( Marks: 10 )
Define the following terms.
- Object
- Event Handler
- Local Variable
- Scope of Variable
- Array
A named collection of properties(data, state) & methods (instructions, behavior)
Event Handler
An event handler is a command which calls a function when an event happens, such as the user clicking a button
Local VariableDeclaring variables (using the var keyword) within a function, makes them local•They are available only
within the function and hold no meaning outside of it
Scope of Variable
Defining the space in which a variable is effective is known as
defining the scope of a variable. A variable can be either local or global in scope
Array
Question No: 27 ( Marks: 1 )
What is the Brute Force Strategy?
Answer:. A staretegy in which all possible combinations are examined and best among them is selected. Brute force (also known as brute force cracking) is a trial and error method used by application programs to decode encrypted data such as passwords or Data Encryption Standard (DES) keys, through exhaustive effort (using brute force) rather than employing intellectual strategies.
Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 )
What is java script?
Answer: JavaScript is an object-oriented scripting language used to enable programmatic access to objects within both the client application and other applications.
It is primarily used in the form of client-side JavaScript, implemented as an integrated component of the web browser, allowing the development of enhanced user interfaces and dynamic websites
Question No: 29 ( Marks: 2 )
How can you explain control unit?
Answer: Control unit is a computerized part of the speech processor. Most of the controls, such as program, volume and sensitivity, are located on the control unit.
Question No: 30 ( Marks: 3 )
How a designer makes Structured Design?
Answer: Structured Design: Materials and member type, size, and configuration to carry loads in a safe and serviceable fashion.
In general, structural design implies the engineering of stationary objects such as buildings and bridges, or objects that may be mobile but have a rigid shape such as ship hulls and aircraft frames tructural design involves at least five distinct phases of work, project requirements, materials, structural scheme, analysis, and design
It is insufficient in most cases, for the designer to consider a solution, a design. He should evaluate several alternate designs and choose the best in the sense of maximizing such technical objectives as efficiency, reliability, and maintainability while satisfying such design constraints as memory size and response time.
Question No: 31 ( Marks: 5 )
What is Turing machine? Who invented it and also explain how a Turing test is conducted?
Answer: A Turing machine is a theoretical device that manipulates symbols contained on a strip of tape. Despite its simplicity, a Turing machine can be adapted to simulate the logic of any computer algorithm, and is particularly useful in explaining the functions of a CPU inside of a computer. The "Turing" machine was designed by Alan Turing in 1937.
The Turing test is a proposal for a test of a machine's ability to demonstrate intelligence. It proceeds as follows a human judge engages in a natural language conversation with one human and one machine, each of which tries to appear human. All participants are placed in isolated locations. If the judge cannot reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine is said to have passed the test. In order to test the machine's intelligence rather than its ability to render words into audio, the conversation is limited to a text-only channel such as a computer keyboard and screen.
If a computer pass the test ,we can say that a machine can think.
Question No: 32 ( Marks: 5 )
What are JavaScript literal and what are its types?
Answer: The raw data that make up the root of data types are called "literals." These are, in effect, literally what they represent themselves to be. Numbers, strings, and Boolean values make up the core set of literals in JavaScript. Little mystery exists with literals, but important differences exist between them. In JavaScript, data types include strings, which are simply quoted characters, numbers, Boolean, Objects and even a type which has no value at all, Null. Since JavaScript is a loosely typed language, you don't neccessarily need to know what type of data every value is (although it certainly helps).
Every piece of data in these categories is known as a value. When a value is referred to outright in a statement, it is called a literal value. For the same reason people are identified by names as opposed to "human" or "person", literal values can be named in order to make repeated reference to them practical, efficent and readable. These names are called variables.
Literals can be of several types. Some of them are:
Array Literals
Boolean Literals
Floating-Point Literals
Integers
Object Literals
String Literals
Question No: 27 ( Marks: 1 )
Define URL
URL(Uniform resource locator)URL (Uniform Resource Locator, previously Universal Resource Locator) - is the address of a file (resource) accessible on the Internet. The type of file or resource depends on the Internet application protocol.
Examples of URLs: http://vu.edu.pk
http://www.yahoo.com
Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 )
What is Randomized Algorithm?
Randomized Algorithm:Any algorithm whose behavior is not only determined by the input, but also values produced by a random number generator
These algorithms are often simpler and more efficient than deterministic algorithms for the same problem. And because of there simplicity they are easier to analyze which is the most important thing in the decision making of an algorithm.
Question No: 29 ( Marks: 2 )
What was the name of first super computer. When it was introduced?
CRAY1 is the first computer and it was introduced in 1973Question No: 30 ( Marks: 3 )
How a designer makes Structured Design?
Structured Design is known as a Top-down design.
The designed first conceives about the High level design and then further designs the details of the high level design components and it goes on and on.
Making small changes in the functionality of the systems sometimes leads to major re-design exercise. Structured design separates the functionality from programs data and that’s why program’s deisgned by this methodology are difficult to maintain.
Question No: 31 ( Marks: 5 )
Why microprocessor uses the binary number system and not the decimal or any other number system?
The processor is the logic of a computer and functions comparably to a
human central nervous system, directing signals from one component to
another and enabling everything to happen. A microprocessor is made from
miniaturized transistors and other circuit elements on a singlesemiconductor integrated circuit (IC) . These are made up oof semiconductor and silicon.
Microprocessor are composed of components which has only two states either 0 or 1. Binary number system is also composed of these two states.
Microprocessor till today only understand the machine language and machine language is only based on binary number system. Even today’s 64 bit microprocessors are also based on this technology.
Question No: 32 ( Marks: 5 )
Why do we need an Interactive Form in a webpage?
- Interactive forms are used to gather user data and interact with the user.
- Forms can be made interactive with the use of client side scripting and server side sciprting.
- In HTML, <FORM> </FORM> tag is used to insert the form in a web page and it always lie in <BODY></BODY> html tag.
- without form’s web site is only “READ ONLY”.
- with the help of forms a user and can search the contents, place order for goods and services.
- Forms can be simple or very complex, based on the requirement.
- forms can contain a single element or many e.g text area, buttons
Question No: 31 ( Marks: 1 )
In programming, what is a loop?
In computer science a for loop is a programming language statement
which allows code to be repeatedly executed. A for loop is classified as
an iteration statement.
Question No: 32 ( Marks: 1 )
What are the other names of function? Any one.
Routine , procedure , sub prograam
Question No: 33 ( Marks: 2 )
How JavaScript Arrays are heterogeneous ?
Arrays are heterogeneous in java script because at the same time stimultanously they can hold elements of multiple data types
Question No: 34 ( Marks: 2 )
What is the database?
Data base is a collection of organized data in a proper way that
computer can quickly search for any desired data item , its an easy way
of allowing of manipulation of data,they are design in such a way that
access to any desired data can be identified and reached quickly and
easy , they are generally consist of collection of interrelated files
Question No: 35 ( Marks: 3 )
Differentiate between LAN and WAN with one example of each.
Lan is a local area network where as wan is a wide area networkLan can be used in a specific areas with limited computers where as wan can be used on computers shared by large distances
For example lan can be used on pc s or an organization located in one building but wan can be used on large scales like banks all over or in any Large communication systems
Question No: 36 ( Marks: 3 )
What are Trojan Horses ?
Trojen horses are a kind of cyber crime , they are v harmful to
computer because they are stand alone programme and the look like what
they are not like any thing amusing or not harmless like games..
Question No: 37 ( Marks: 3 )
Elaborate Rester Graphics with examples.
A raster graphics image, digital image, or bitmap, is a data file or
structure representing a generally rectangular grid of pixels, or points
of color, on a computer monitor, paper, or other display device.To illustrate the matter further - here's the letter "J":
J
Look closely at it... Take a magnifying glass to it if you like. You see a "J", the computer sees something more like this, where '.' represents a zero and 'X' represents a one:
....X
....X
....X
....X
....X
....X
....X
X...X
X...X
.XXX.
Where you see a zero, the computer instructs its video hardware to paint the current background color. A one calls for the current foreground color. Yes, it is actually a bit more complicated, but it all basically boils down to one bit or the other making a distinction
between the colors of adjacent pixels, which together form an image.
Question No: 38 ( Marks: 5 )
What are the important properties, methods and event handlers of image object?
The primary use of the image object is to download an image into the
cache before it is needed to display , image object can be used to
create different kinds of animations or to display one of several images
based on the desired requirement , in java script image object can be
used to display the required pre loaded imageProperties of image object is : height , width ,hspace ,vspace , src , name border etc
Methods :none
Event handlers:on aboart , onload, onerror etc
Question No: 39 ( Marks: 5 )
Write the JavaScript code for the Function
SumOddNumbers(maxNumber) that can add non-negative odd numbers up to
maxNumber and return their sum.
Function sum odd numbers(maxnumber){var sum=0;
For(i=0; <maxNumbers;I++)
{
{
if(i / 2 == 1 || i == 1)
sum += i;
}
return sum;
}
Question No: 40 ( Marks: 10 )
Write a note on :
- Coding guidelines
- Guidelines for developing short programs.
- Coding guidelines
- • Always use semicolons to end statements
- • Indent blocks of code (2 to 5 spaces)
- • Identifiers
- • Use the camel back scheme
- • Variables: nouns
- • Functions: verbs
- • Comment Liberally
- • Make them descriptive but concise
- • Read and understand the problem
- • Do you have all the required data?
- • No: Get it
- • Else assume it. State it explicitly
- • Do the design
Question No: 41 ( Marks: 10 )
write a note on each of the following:
a. Vector or Object-Oriented Graphics:
b. Bit-Mapped or Raster Graphics:
A:In Vector or object oriented graphic everything drawn
is treated as object. objects retain their identity after they are
drawon. these objects can later be moved, stretched, duplicated,
deleted,etc. they are resolution independent and have relatively small
file size. the examples are: swf, svg, wmf, psbrass_ibrahim: Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygon(s), which are all based on mathematical equations, to represent images in computer graphics.
brass_ibrahim: The term "vector graphics" is mainly used today in the context of two-dimensional computer graphics Virtually all modern 3D rendering is done using extensions of 2D vector graphics techniques .Virtually all modern 3D rendering is done using extensions of 2D vector graphics techniques
B:Bit-Mapped or Raster Graphics:
Treats everything that is drawn as a bit-map
If an object is drawn on top of another, it is difficult to move just one of them while
leaving the other untouched
Changing the resolution often requires considerable touch-up work
Relatively large file size
Examples: gif, jpg, bmp
masood.tariq: Bit-Mapped or Raster Graphics:
Treats everything that is drawn as a bit-map
If an object is drawn on top of another, it is difficult to move just one of them while
leaving the other untouched
Changing the resolution often requires considerable touch-up work
Relatively large file size
Examples: gif, jpg, bmp
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 2 )
Write the major types of softwares with examples?
Answer..
System SW
System software is responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing the individual
hardware components of a computer system.
System software performs tasks like transferring data from memory to disk, or rendering
text onto a display Specific kinds of system software include loading programs, operating
systems, device drivers, compilers, assemblers, linkers, and utilities.
Software libraries that perform generic functions also tend to be regarded as system
software. System software stored on non-volatile storage on integrated circuits is usually
termed firmware. These generally perform the background tasks in a computer. These
programs, many times, talk directly to the HW.
Application SW
Programs that generally interact with the user to perform work that is useful to the user.
These programs generally talk to the HW through the assistance of system SW.
Question No: 18 ( Marks: 2 )
What is the major difference between paragraph <p> and Line Break <BR> tags?
<P> … </P>Paragraph
<BR>
Line break
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 2 )
Why PASCAL was designed and what is the problem with PASCAL?
Answer,,Pascal is very good for writing well-structured and readable programs, but it is not as
flexible as the C programming language
C++ embodies powerful object-oriented features, but it is complex and difficult to learn
What changes in the field of computer languages can we expect in the near future
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 3 )
What are the key requirements of E-commerce Software?
Answer..E-Commerce Software
Key requirements:
Reliability
Security
Ability to handle 1000’s of transactions, simultaneously
Question No: 21 ( Marks: 3 )
Write down the pseudo code for the following flow chart.
Answer…. Pseudo code
Flowcharts
Actual code
Pseudo Code
Language that is typically used for writing algorithms
Similar to a programming language, but not as rigid
The method of expression most suitable for a gi
Question No: 22 ( Marks: 5 )
(a) Write down two positive features of client-side scripting.
Answet..Reduced server load as it does not have to send messages to the user’s browser about
missing or incorrect data
Reduced network traffic as the form’s data is sent only once instead of many to’s and
fro’s
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 2 )
What is Ockham’s Razor principle ?
Answer…
When choosing among competing, successful solutions to a problem, choose the one which is the least
complex
This principle is called the “Ockham’s Razor,” after William of Ockham - famous 13-th
century English philosopher
When choosing among competing, successful solutions to a problem, choose the one which is the least
complex
This principle is called the “Ockham’s Razor,” after William of Ockham - famous 13-th
century English philosopher
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 2 )
Explain briefly the different techniques that are used to embed JavaScript code in a web page?
Answer., Client-side JavaScript code is embedded within HTML documents in a number of ways:- Between a pair of <script> and </script> tags
- From an external file specified by the src attribute of a <script> tag
- In an event handler, specified as the value of an HTML attribute such as onclick or onmouseover
- As the body of a URL that uses the special javascript: protocol
Eng201 solved subjective midterm past paper spring 2009
ENG201- Business and Technical English Writing (Session - 1)
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 2 )
What is the purpose of writing Professional Objectives in Resume?
Answer: Page 14
When you state your professional objective, you answer your reader’s questions ‘what exactly do you want to do?’
your answer can be extremely important to the resume. In contrast, people in other fields such as advertising are
accustomed to seeing highly unconventional resumes, perhaps printed on pink paper.
Question No: 18 ( Marks: 2 )
How a message can achieve good organization?
Answer: Page 50
We can achieve good organization by writing clear subject and purpose. All information should be related to the
subject and purpose. We can achieve it by putting ideas in grouped and presented in a logical way and by including
all necessary information.
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 3 )
Which components are included in the Front matter of a Proposal?
Answer: Page 62
Front Matter: The front matter of a proposal includes the following components:
• Letter of transmittal
• Title page • Summary
• Table of contents
• List of figures and tables
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 10 )
How will you establish sequence with Organizational patterns of the followings?
GOOD NEWS MEAAAGE – Bad news – Persuasive messages
Answer: Page 53
Establish Sequence with Organizational Patterns
Bad-News Messages
If you have bad news, try to put it somewhere in the middle, cushioned by other, more positive ideas.
Bad-News Message Format
The letter begins with a neutral statement that provides a transmission to the refusal. The midsection explains the
reason for refusal and then states the bad news. The writer takes care
to introduce a positive thought. The letter closes on a cordial note
Persuasive Messages
Using the indirect approach gives you an opportunity to get your message across to a skeptical or hostile audience.
Persuasive Message Format
The letter begins with questions to catch the reader’s attention. The letter leads up to the main point by arousing the
reader’s interest. This section gives the reader a motive for complying with the request. The letter closes with an
appeal
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009
ENG201- Business and Technical English Writing (Session - 4)
Question No: 17 (Marks: 2 )
What do you know about ‘Phantom Readers’?
Answer: Page 23
Phantom Readers
In some situations most important readers may be hidden from you. Written communications addressed to
one person are used by others. These real but unnamed readers are called
phantom readers.
Question No: 18 ( Marks: 2 )
Which factors should be kept in mind while editing the message?
Answer: Page 56
Content and Organization
Stick to the point, the main idea, in the first paragraph. In the middle highlight the key features of your stance.
Eliminate redundancies.
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 3 )
Which characteristics are most important part of Correctness?
Answer: Page 41
The following things are at the core of concreteness.
• Grammar
• Punctuation
• Spelling
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 5 )
Which characteristics ensure ‘Completeness’ to a document?
Answer: Page 31
Your message is complete when it contains all the facts, readers or listeners need for the reaction you desire.
Communication senders need to assess their message from eyes of the receivers to be sure they have included all the
relevant information
Question No: 21 ( Marks: 10 )
Describe and explain any FIVE characteristics of Conciseness.
Answer: Page 33
Conciseness:
Conciseness is saying what you want to say in the fewest possible words without sacrificing the other C qualities. A
concise message saves time and expense for both the sender and the receiver. It increases emphasis in the message. It
shows respect for the recipient, by not cluttering them unnecessary information.
To achieve conciseness, observe the following suggestions
Eliminate wordy expressions
Include only relevant material
Avoid unnecessary repetition.
Eliminate wordy expressions
Use single-word substitutes instead of phrases whenever possible without changing meaning
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
ENG201- Business and Technical English Writing
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 2 )
What does the phrase ‘Readers create Meaning’ mean?
Answer: Page 4
Instead of receiving the message, people interact with the message to create meaning. While reading, we build larger
structures of knowledge from small fragments of sentences. These structures are not the words we have just read but
our own creation
Question No: 18 ( Marks: 2 )
What is a bad news message?
Answer:
It's the message that tells you unpleasant news. It's usually written in indirect approach and following some
other rules so the writer looks more polite
If you have bad news, try to put it somewhere in the middle, cushioned by other, more positive ideas.
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_bad_news_message#ixzz1Lnzwdv8y
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 3 )
What do you understand by the phrase ‘Readers responses are sharpened by Situation’?
Answer: Page 4
It means Responses to a communication are shaped by a total situation surrounding the message such as factors as
their purpose of reading the readers’ perceptions of the writer’s aims, their personal interest and stake in the subject
discussed past relations with the writer
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 5 )
Differentiate between Direct and Indirect Approach?
Answer: Page 4
Direct Approach (deductive)
Putting the main idea first followed by evidence.
Indirect Approach (inductive)
Putting the main idea later and evidences first. Use direct order if the audience’s reaction is likely to be positive and
indirect order if it is likely to be negative. Short messages follow one of four organizational plans, depending on the
audience’s probable reaction
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
ENG201- Business and Technical English Writing
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 2 )
What are the basic strategies for writing bad-News Messages?
Answer: Page 74
The two basic strategies described are:
• The indirect plan, which presents supporting data before the main idea
• The direct plan, which presents the main idea before the supporting data
Question No: 18 ( Marks: 2 )
Define the term ‘Stylistic Accuracy’.
Answer: Page 27
Stylistic accuracy concerns the careful use of language requires the careful use of paragraph and sentence structure
and word choice to describe and analyze your topics effectively. As a writer, you gain command of accuracy by
studying the elements of style and by learning to apply those elements to your drafting, revising, editing, and
proofreading. Stylistic accuracy is also a matter of using words precisely
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 5 )
Describe briefly ‘structural, stylistic and contextual clarity.
Answer: Page 27
Structural clarity.
At the level of the whole document, you can promote structural clarity, making it easy for the reader to get the large
picture. Use abstracts and other forecasting strategies such as introductions that state the purpose and scope of the
document
Stylistic clarity
Stylistic clarity is promoted by simple, direct language. Simplicity in language is obtained with directly worded
sentences. Using simple sentences and avoiding overloaded sentences and excessive normalization also contributes to
clarity. Word choice is a factor in stylistic clarity:
Use simple language wherever possible to counteract the abstract, highly specialized terms of science and technology.
Contextual clarity
Contextual clarity, in which the importance, authorization, and implications of your work are made available, also
contributes to ease of understanding. All work has context, and your readers want to understand what the context of
your document is:
• What prompts you to write?
• What is your purpose?
• Whose work proceeds has influenced yours?
• What is the organizational and intellectual context of your problem?
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
ENG201- Business and Technical English Writing
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 2 )
Explain the phrase ‘Readers react on a moment-by-moment basis’?
Answer: Page 5
Readers react on a moment-to-moment basis
On job people react to each part of the memo, report or other business communication as soon as they come to it.
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 3 )
What are Claims and Adjustments?
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 5 )
How will you write and plan a sales letter?
Answer: Page 77
The three steps involved in planning a sales letter are similar to those involved in planning any other persuasive
message
1. Determine the main idea (in sales letters, it revolves around a selling point and related benefits) 2. Define the
audience
3. Choose the approach and format.
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 2 )
What is the purpose of writing Professional Objectives in Resume?
Answer: Page 14
When you state your professional objective, you answer your reader’s questions ‘what exactly do you want to do?’
your answer can be extremely important to the resume. In contrast, people in other fields such as advertising are
accustomed to seeing highly unconventional resumes, perhaps printed on pink paper.
Question No: 18 ( Marks: 2 )
How a message can achieve good organization?
Answer: Page 50
We can achieve good organization by writing clear subject and purpose. All information should be related to the
subject and purpose. We can achieve it by putting ideas in grouped and presented in a logical way and by including
all necessary information.
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 3 )
Which components are included in the Front matter of a Proposal?
Answer: Page 62
Front Matter: The front matter of a proposal includes the following components:
• Letter of transmittal
• Title page • Summary
• Table of contents
• List of figures and tables
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 10 )
How will you establish sequence with Organizational patterns of the followings?
GOOD NEWS MEAAAGE – Bad news – Persuasive messages
Answer: Page 53
Establish Sequence with Organizational Patterns
Bad-News Messages
If you have bad news, try to put it somewhere in the middle, cushioned by other, more positive ideas.
Bad-News Message Format
The letter begins with a neutral statement that provides a transmission to the refusal. The midsection explains the
reason for refusal and then states the bad news. The writer takes care
to introduce a positive thought. The letter closes on a cordial note
Persuasive Messages
Using the indirect approach gives you an opportunity to get your message across to a skeptical or hostile audience.
Persuasive Message Format
The letter begins with questions to catch the reader’s attention. The letter leads up to the main point by arousing the
reader’s interest. This section gives the reader a motive for complying with the request. The letter closes with an
appeal
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2009
ENG201- Business and Technical English Writing (Session - 4)
Question No: 17 (Marks: 2 )
What do you know about ‘Phantom Readers’?
Answer: Page 23
Phantom Readers
In some situations most important readers may be hidden from you. Written communications addressed to
one person are used by others. These real but unnamed readers are called
phantom readers.
Question No: 18 ( Marks: 2 )
Which factors should be kept in mind while editing the message?
Answer: Page 56
Content and Organization
Stick to the point, the main idea, in the first paragraph. In the middle highlight the key features of your stance.
Eliminate redundancies.
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 3 )
Which characteristics are most important part of Correctness?
Answer: Page 41
The following things are at the core of concreteness.
• Grammar
• Punctuation
• Spelling
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 5 )
Which characteristics ensure ‘Completeness’ to a document?
Answer: Page 31
Your message is complete when it contains all the facts, readers or listeners need for the reaction you desire.
Communication senders need to assess their message from eyes of the receivers to be sure they have included all the
relevant information
Question No: 21 ( Marks: 10 )
Describe and explain any FIVE characteristics of Conciseness.
Answer: Page 33
Conciseness:
Conciseness is saying what you want to say in the fewest possible words without sacrificing the other C qualities. A
concise message saves time and expense for both the sender and the receiver. It increases emphasis in the message. It
shows respect for the recipient, by not cluttering them unnecessary information.
To achieve conciseness, observe the following suggestions
Eliminate wordy expressions
Include only relevant material
Avoid unnecessary repetition.
Eliminate wordy expressions
Use single-word substitutes instead of phrases whenever possible without changing meaning
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
ENG201- Business and Technical English Writing
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 2 )
What does the phrase ‘Readers create Meaning’ mean?
Answer: Page 4
Instead of receiving the message, people interact with the message to create meaning. While reading, we build larger
structures of knowledge from small fragments of sentences. These structures are not the words we have just read but
our own creation
Question No: 18 ( Marks: 2 )
What is a bad news message?
Answer:
It's the message that tells you unpleasant news. It's usually written in indirect approach and following some
other rules so the writer looks more polite
If you have bad news, try to put it somewhere in the middle, cushioned by other, more positive ideas.
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_bad_news_message#ixzz1Lnzwdv8y
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 3 )
What do you understand by the phrase ‘Readers responses are sharpened by Situation’?
Answer: Page 4
It means Responses to a communication are shaped by a total situation surrounding the message such as factors as
their purpose of reading the readers’ perceptions of the writer’s aims, their personal interest and stake in the subject
discussed past relations with the writer
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 5 )
Differentiate between Direct and Indirect Approach?
Answer: Page 4
Direct Approach (deductive)
Putting the main idea first followed by evidence.
Indirect Approach (inductive)
Putting the main idea later and evidences first. Use direct order if the audience’s reaction is likely to be positive and
indirect order if it is likely to be negative. Short messages follow one of four organizational plans, depending on the
audience’s probable reaction
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
ENG201- Business and Technical English Writing
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 2 )
What are the basic strategies for writing bad-News Messages?
Answer: Page 74
The two basic strategies described are:
• The indirect plan, which presents supporting data before the main idea
• The direct plan, which presents the main idea before the supporting data
Question No: 18 ( Marks: 2 )
Define the term ‘Stylistic Accuracy’.
Answer: Page 27
Stylistic accuracy concerns the careful use of language requires the careful use of paragraph and sentence structure
and word choice to describe and analyze your topics effectively. As a writer, you gain command of accuracy by
studying the elements of style and by learning to apply those elements to your drafting, revising, editing, and
proofreading. Stylistic accuracy is also a matter of using words precisely
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 5 )
Describe briefly ‘structural, stylistic and contextual clarity.
Answer: Page 27
Structural clarity.
At the level of the whole document, you can promote structural clarity, making it easy for the reader to get the large
picture. Use abstracts and other forecasting strategies such as introductions that state the purpose and scope of the
document
Stylistic clarity
Stylistic clarity is promoted by simple, direct language. Simplicity in language is obtained with directly worded
sentences. Using simple sentences and avoiding overloaded sentences and excessive normalization also contributes to
clarity. Word choice is a factor in stylistic clarity:
Use simple language wherever possible to counteract the abstract, highly specialized terms of science and technology.
Contextual clarity
Contextual clarity, in which the importance, authorization, and implications of your work are made available, also
contributes to ease of understanding. All work has context, and your readers want to understand what the context of
your document is:
• What prompts you to write?
• What is your purpose?
• Whose work proceeds has influenced yours?
• What is the organizational and intellectual context of your problem?
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
ENG201- Business and Technical English Writing
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 2 )
Explain the phrase ‘Readers react on a moment-by-moment basis’?
Answer: Page 5
Readers react on a moment-to-moment basis
On job people react to each part of the memo, report or other business communication as soon as they come to it.
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 3 )
What are Claims and Adjustments?
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 5 )
How will you write and plan a sales letter?
Answer: Page 77
The three steps involved in planning a sales letter are similar to those involved in planning any other persuasive
message
1. Determine the main idea (in sales letters, it revolves around a selling point and related benefits) 2. Define the
audience
3. Choose the approach and format.
Eng201 solved subjective midterm past paper spring 2009
ENG201- Business and Technical English Writing (Session - 1)
Question No: 17 (Marks: 2 )
What is the difference between cover letter and resume?
Answer:
Cover Letter
A cover letter accompanies a larger item, usually a document.
It provides the recipient with a specific context in which to place the larger document and simultaneously
gives the sender a permanent record of having sent the material.
Resume
Resume objectives requires you to emphasize the points as major evidence that you are qualified for the job
you seek. Most resumes are organized around applicant’s experience.
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 3 )
What are the benefits of Completeness in messages?
Answer :( Page 31)
Benefits of Completeness:
• Complete messages are more likely to bring the desired results.
• They do a better job at building goodwill.
• Communication that seems inconsequential can become very important if information they contain is
complete and effective.
Question No: 20 (Marks: 5 )
What is meant by "concreteness"? Explain it with the help of examples.
Answer: Page 35
Concreteness:
•Communicating concretely means being specific, definite, and vivid rather than vague and general.
•Often it means using denotative (direct, explicit, often dictionary-based) rather than connotative words.
Concreteness:
•The benefits to business professionals of using concrete facts and figures are
–Your receivers know exactly what is desired
–When you supply specifics for the reader you increase the likelihood of that you message will be
interpreted the way you intended
Question No: 21 ( Marks: 10 )
You are student of business administration, at the end of session you are required to
do one year internship experience in a well reputed software company (Adam Soft).
Write a letter of inquiry to Director of Software Company (Adam Soft) about
Internship opportunities and present yourself fully enthusiastic, motivated and
active participant.
Question No: 22 ( Marks: 2 )
What is meant by ‘Defining Objective’?
Answer: Page 13
Definition of your objectives tells you what the implicit claim of your resume should be. That is, you are
the kind of capable, responsible and pleasant person that employers want to hire. you identify the specific
facts you can mention as evidence to support the claim about yourself.
Question No: 23 ( Marks: 2 )
Define the term ‘Transitions’.
Answer: Page 80
A word, phrase, sentence, or series of sentences connecting one part of a discourse to another.
Such phrases as “to continue the analysis”, “on the other hand” and “additional concept” are another type of
structural clue.
Question No: 24 ( Marks: 10 )
How many parts does Indirect Plan consist of? Explain in detail.
Answer: Page 74
The indirect plan consists of four parts:
• A buffer
• Reasons supporting the negative decision
• A clear, diplomatic statement of the negative decision
• A helpful, friendly, and positive close
Question No: 17 (Marks: 2 )
What is the difference between cover letter and resume?
Answer:
Cover Letter
A cover letter accompanies a larger item, usually a document.
It provides the recipient with a specific context in which to place the larger document and simultaneously
gives the sender a permanent record of having sent the material.
Resume
Resume objectives requires you to emphasize the points as major evidence that you are qualified for the job
you seek. Most resumes are organized around applicant’s experience.
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 3 )
What are the benefits of Completeness in messages?
Answer :( Page 31)
Benefits of Completeness:
• Complete messages are more likely to bring the desired results.
• They do a better job at building goodwill.
• Communication that seems inconsequential can become very important if information they contain is
complete and effective.
Question No: 20 (Marks: 5 )
What is meant by "concreteness"? Explain it with the help of examples.
Answer: Page 35
Concreteness:
•Communicating concretely means being specific, definite, and vivid rather than vague and general.
•Often it means using denotative (direct, explicit, often dictionary-based) rather than connotative words.
Concreteness:
•The benefits to business professionals of using concrete facts and figures are
–Your receivers know exactly what is desired
–When you supply specifics for the reader you increase the likelihood of that you message will be
interpreted the way you intended
Question No: 21 ( Marks: 10 )
You are student of business administration, at the end of session you are required to
do one year internship experience in a well reputed software company (Adam Soft).
Write a letter of inquiry to Director of Software Company (Adam Soft) about
Internship opportunities and present yourself fully enthusiastic, motivated and
active participant.
Question No: 22 ( Marks: 2 )
What is meant by ‘Defining Objective’?
Answer: Page 13
Definition of your objectives tells you what the implicit claim of your resume should be. That is, you are
the kind of capable, responsible and pleasant person that employers want to hire. you identify the specific
facts you can mention as evidence to support the claim about yourself.
Question No: 23 ( Marks: 2 )
Define the term ‘Transitions’.
Answer: Page 80
A word, phrase, sentence, or series of sentences connecting one part of a discourse to another.
Such phrases as “to continue the analysis”, “on the other hand” and “additional concept” are another type of
structural clue.
Question No: 24 ( Marks: 10 )
How many parts does Indirect Plan consist of? Explain in detail.
Answer: Page 74
The indirect plan consists of four parts:
• A buffer
• Reasons supporting the negative decision
• A clear, diplomatic statement of the negative decision
• A helpful, friendly, and positive close
3 Sept 2012
Eng201 solved subjective midterm past paper spring 2010
ENG201- Business and Technical English Writing (Session - 4)
Question No: 11 ( Marks: 2 )
What are the characteristics of a well organized message?
Answer: Page 51
The subject and purpose are clear. All information is related to the subject and purpose. The ideas are
grouped and presented in a logical way. All necessary information is included.
Well organized messages are efficient
they only contain relevant information, so the audience does not waste time with
superfluous information
Question No: 12 ( Marks: 2 )
Have you ever heard the term Persuasive massage? Define it.
Answer: Page 76
The persuasive message influences the audience by informing them and aiding their understanding. Persuasive
messages aim to influence audiences who are inclined to resist, so they depend heavily on strategic planning
AIDA is a plan and it is the specialized version of persuasion
It has four phases:
1. Attention
2. Interest
3. Desire
4. Action
Business letters are commonly either full-block formatted,
with every line starting at the left margin and usually a business letterhead at the top of the page, or
modified-block formatted, with the heading and the closing aligned at the center of the
page.
Types of Letters: The following are some of the most common types of letters written by people in technical fields.
• Job application letters
• Acceptance letters
• Transmittal letters
• Inquiry letters
• Technical-information letters
• Letters of recommendation
Following are the Guideline for positive Close
1. Don’t refer to or repeat the bad news.
2. Don’t apologize for the decision or reveal any doubt that the reasons will be accepted.
3. Don’t urge additional communication
4. Don’t anticipate problems
5. Don’t include clichés that are insincere in view of the bad news
6. Don’t reveal any doubt that you will keep the person as a customer
7.
Written medium is best when you don’t need immediate feedback
Advantages of using “writing medium is:
1. You can Write a detailed and complex messages.
2. You can put a permanent record.
3. You can reach an audience over large distance.
4. You can minimize the distortion when a message is passed from person to person.
Question No: 11 ( Marks: 2 )
What are the characteristics of a well organized message?
Answer: Page 51
The subject and purpose are clear. All information is related to the subject and purpose. The ideas are
grouped and presented in a logical way. All necessary information is included.
Well organized messages are efficient
they only contain relevant information, so the audience does not waste time with
superfluous information
Question No: 12 ( Marks: 2 )
Have you ever heard the term Persuasive massage? Define it.
Answer: Page 76
The persuasive message influences the audience by informing them and aiding their understanding. Persuasive
messages aim to influence audiences who are inclined to resist, so they depend heavily on strategic planning
Question No: 13 (Marks: 3 )
What is AIDA?
Answer: Page 76AIDA is a plan and it is the specialized version of persuasion
It has four phases:
1. Attention
2. Interest
3. Desire
4. Action
Question No: 14 (Marks: 3 )
What is a business letter? Enlist at least three types of business letter.
Answer: Page 63Business letters are commonly either full-block formatted,
with every line starting at the left margin and usually a business letterhead at the top of the page, or
modified-block formatted, with the heading and the closing aligned at the center of the
page.
Types of Letters: The following are some of the most common types of letters written by people in technical fields.
• Job application letters
• Acceptance letters
• Transmittal letters
• Inquiry letters
• Technical-information letters
• Letters of recommendation
Question No: 16 ( Marks: 5 )
Give the guidelines for ‘Positive Close in a bad news message’?
Answer: Page 75Following are the Guideline for positive Close
1. Don’t refer to or repeat the bad news.
2. Don’t apologize for the decision or reveal any doubt that the reasons will be accepted.
3. Don’t urge additional communication
4. Don’t anticipate problems
5. Don’t include clichés that are insincere in view of the bad news
6. Don’t reveal any doubt that you will keep the person as a customer
7.
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 5 )
Write down FIVE advantages of using ‘written medium’ in business communication.
Answer: Page 49Written medium is best when you don’t need immediate feedback
Advantages of using “writing medium is:
1. You can Write a detailed and complex messages.
2. You can put a permanent record.
3. You can reach an audience over large distance.
4. You can minimize the distortion when a message is passed from person to person.
2 Sept 2012
Eng201 solved subjective midterm past paper spring 2010
ENG201- Business and Technical English Writing (Session - 3)
Question No: 11 ( Marks: 2 )
Describe briefly Storyteller’s tour.
Answer: Page 49
Storytellers on Tour
Have students practice retelling folktales in their classroom. When students feel confident, teams of three or
four students at a time can then take their tales to other classes for a storytelling concert. If older students
are sent to the younger grades, ask the younger grades to thank the storytellers with drawings inspired by
their stories
Question No: 12 ( Marks: 2 )
What do you know about ‘Adjustment Requests’?
Answer: Page 72
.
Question No: 13 ( Marks: 3 )
Which format one should perceive while writing a report?
Answer: Page 78
Responsive format, style and organization: Before you write decide:
Whether to use a letter, memo, or manuscript format
Whether to group your ideas one way or another.
Whether to employ or an informal style.
When making decisions about the format, style, organization of a report, consider its
• Origin
• Subject
• Timing
• Distribution
• Purpose
• Probable reception
Question No: 14 ( Marks: 3 )
What are Functional Words and which function they perform?
Answer: Page 56
Functional words include:
Conjunctions
Prepositions
Articles
Pronouns
Functional words express relationships among content words.
Question No: 15 ( Marks: 5 )
What is coherence and why is it important?
Answer: Page 37
In a coherent sentence the words are arranged so that the ideas clearly express the intended meaning. Place the
correct modifier as close as possible to word it is supposed to modify. In the examples which follow, notice that
‘unclear’ sentence conveys the wrong meaning.
Example: Unclear
Being an excellent lawyer, I am sure that you can surely help us.
Clear
Being an excellent lawyer, you can surely help us.
Question No: 16 (Marks: 5 )
What is the difference between Formal and Informal letter?
Answer: Page 41
Formal Writing
Formal writing is often associated with scholarly writing.
Examples
Doctoral dissertations, scholarly articles, top-level government agreements etc
The style unconventional, usually impersonal, and contains long and involved sentences.
Informal Writing
This style of writing is more characteristic in business writing.
An example is the communications via E-mail, memos etc.
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 5 )
Write down the techniques that are used to get the reader's attention or interest.
Answer: Page 53
The Letter begins with questions to catch the reader’s attention. The letter leads up to the main point by arousing the
reader’s interest. This section gives the reader a motive for complying with the request. The letter closes with an
appeal
Question No: 11 ( Marks: 2 )
Describe briefly Storyteller’s tour.
Answer: Page 49
Storytellers on Tour
Have students practice retelling folktales in their classroom. When students feel confident, teams of three or
four students at a time can then take their tales to other classes for a storytelling concert. If older students
are sent to the younger grades, ask the younger grades to thank the storytellers with drawings inspired by
their stories
Question No: 12 ( Marks: 2 )
What do you know about ‘Adjustment Requests’?
Answer: Page 72
.
Question No: 13 ( Marks: 3 )
Which format one should perceive while writing a report?
Answer: Page 78
Responsive format, style and organization: Before you write decide:
Whether to use a letter, memo, or manuscript format
Whether to group your ideas one way or another.
Whether to employ or an informal style.
When making decisions about the format, style, organization of a report, consider its
• Origin
• Subject
• Timing
• Distribution
• Purpose
• Probable reception
Question No: 14 ( Marks: 3 )
What are Functional Words and which function they perform?
Answer: Page 56
Functional words include:
Conjunctions
Prepositions
Articles
Pronouns
Functional words express relationships among content words.
Question No: 15 ( Marks: 5 )
What is coherence and why is it important?
Answer: Page 37
In a coherent sentence the words are arranged so that the ideas clearly express the intended meaning. Place the
correct modifier as close as possible to word it is supposed to modify. In the examples which follow, notice that
‘unclear’ sentence conveys the wrong meaning.
Example: Unclear
Being an excellent lawyer, I am sure that you can surely help us.
Clear
Being an excellent lawyer, you can surely help us.
Question No: 16 (Marks: 5 )
What is the difference between Formal and Informal letter?
Answer: Page 41
Formal Writing
Formal writing is often associated with scholarly writing.
Examples
Doctoral dissertations, scholarly articles, top-level government agreements etc
The style unconventional, usually impersonal, and contains long and involved sentences.
Informal Writing
This style of writing is more characteristic in business writing.
An example is the communications via E-mail, memos etc.
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 5 )
Write down the techniques that are used to get the reader's attention or interest.
Answer: Page 53
The Letter begins with questions to catch the reader’s attention. The letter leads up to the main point by arousing the
reader’s interest. This section gives the reader a motive for complying with the request. The letter closes with an
appeal
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